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How do you predict if it will rain?

Download Article Download Article Generally, most of us rely on forecasts to tell us what kind of weather to expect. However, it is possible to predict the weather using your skills of observation and knowledge of weather patterns. Not only can predicting the weather be a fun hobby, it can also be a useful skill if you enjoy outdoor activities, such as hiking or camping.

1. 1 Detect the direction of the wind, Wind is caused when air moves from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. Since weather moves in from the west, westerly winds indicate good weather because they suggest the bad weather is already to your east. Easterly winds suggest that the bad weather is coming toward you.
   • You can use grass or flower petals to determine the direction of the wind. Throw your grass or flower petals into the wind and watch the way that it blows or falls.
   • You can also detect the direction of the wind by wetting your finger and holding it out. The side of your finger that gets cool will tell you from which direction the wind is blowing.
2. 2 Watch smoke from a fire, The air pressure determines what direction the smoke will go. In high pressure, the smoke will go directly up into the air. If the pressure is low, it will spiral back down around the fire. If you see the smoke spiraling back down, bad weather is likely on the way.
   • When smoke spirals downwards, it means that bad weather is very close. The low-pressure system is already in place over your area.

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3. 3 Watch for calm conditions. Before a storm, the low-pressure system can push out the area’s normal wind patterns. This creates a temporary calm before the storm begins. You’ll notice a lack of wind, which creates a stillness over the area. If you’re near water, it will be calm and still, as well. This calm indicates a coming storm.
   • At this point, you should be able to observe other signs of a storm, such as dark clouds.
4. 4 Take a deep breath, Close your eyes and smell the air. Smells become wet right before a storm, making them stronger. Before a storm, you should also notice a compost smell as plants release their waste. If you start to smell a compost scent, it likely means that a storm is coming.
   • If you are near a swamp, you will likely smell swamp gases right before a storm. Swamp gas smells like rotten eggs because it comes from decaying vegetation.
5. 5 Check for humidity. High humidity often precedes a storm, so watch for signs of high humidity, such as frizzy hair, curling leaves, and swollen wood. These signs can tell you that a storm is on the way.
   • Pine cones can also tell you if it’s humid because they will stay closed if the humidity is high but will open if the air is dry.
   • If you live in an area that always has high humidity, rely on other observations to predict the weather.
6. 6 Observe ocean swells. If you’re near the ocean, look for ocean swells. These swells can be caused by winds that are blowing a storm system from out over the sea. This could mean that rain is on the way.

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1. 1 Look at the shape of the clouds. The types of clouds in the sky can tell you a lot about the weather. In general, clouds that are white and high indicate good weather, and clouds that are dark and low mean rain or storms are on the way.
   • White, wispy clouds usually mean that the weather will be clear.
   • Flat clouds mean that the air is stable, while fluffy clouds mean that it is unstable.
   • Smaller puffy clouds may look calm, but they often build over the course of the day. If you see these clouds, it could mean a storm is brewing.
2. 2 Observe the position of the clouds. Clouds that look high usually mean that they are farther away but could become a weather threat up to six hours later. Lower clouds mean that bad weather is closer. As the weather threat approaches, you will see the clouds move lower in the sky.
3. 3 Check the color of the clouds. Clouds can be various shades of white, gray, black, and brown, and each also means something different about the weather.
   • Black clouds mean that there is a coming storm that does not have strong winds.
   • Brown clouds mean that there is a coming storm that does have strong winds.
   • White clouds usually mean good weather, though a storm could be on its way later in the day.
   • Gray clouds usually mean a new or a light storm. However, gray skies mean that the storm is affecting a large area and may remain for awhile.
4. 4 Watch the movement of the clouds. The direction that the clouds are traveling can tell you if weather is on the way. Additionally, you should watch if the clouds are coming together or moving apart.
   • Lowering, gathering clouds are a sign of bad weather coming.
   • Clouds that are rising and spreading out indicate that the weather is clearing.

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1. 1 Check for a red sky in the morning. Weather moves from west to east, while the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. If you see a red sky in the morning, then it means that there is clear weather in the east where the sun is rising, but bad weather in the west, making the sky look red. The bad weather from the west will be moving toward you, as that is how weather patterns work.
   • The redness can appear as a bold orange to a deep red.
   • If you see a red sky in the evening, you can rest easy. This means that there are clear skies in the west coming toward you, while the bad weather is to the east moving away from you.
   • You can use the following rhyme: “Red sky at night is a shepherd’s delight. Red sky in the morning is a shepherd’s warning.”
2. 2 Look for a rainbow in the west. A rainbow in the west means that the sun’s morning rays are striking moisture to your west, which is the direction from which the weather is moving. This means that a storm is moving your way, indicating bad weather later in the day.
   • If you see a rainbow in the east, then it means that the weather has already passed over you, so clear skies are likely ahead.
   • Remember the old saying, “Rainbow in the morning gives you fair warning.”
3. 3 Stare at the moon. Look to see how visible the moon is. If the moon is easy to see in a clear sky, then it could mean that the weather is cooling. It may also mean that a low-pressure system is moving into the area, which clears away dust. This means rain could be on the way.
   • Remember the old saying, “Ring around the moon? Rain real soon.” A ring around the moon means a warm front is coming, which usually brings rain. The ring is caused by ice crystals that are passing over the moon.
   • A double halo around the moon could signal strong winds in the coming storm.
   • Another old saying is, “Clear moon, frost soon.” A clear sky means that there are no clouds to hold in the earth’s heat. This means that the weather will be cooler that night and the next morning, even if it’s not cold enough to frost.
4. 4 Count the stars. If you suspect a storm is coming, look at the stars. More than ten stars means that any coming storms should be light, while fewer than ten visible stars means that the storm will be heavy.
   • A lack of stars means that there is excessive cloud coverage from an oncoming weather system. If many stars are visible, then the sky is clear.

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1. 1 Look for high ant mounds. Before a storm, ants will build up their mounds and create steep sides. If you see raised ant beds, especially if they were lower before, then there may be a storm coming.
2. 2 Watch for low-flying or roosting birds. When the air pressure falls before a storm, birds feel discomfort in their ears. This causes them to fly lower toward the ground or to perch on lower tree branches or power lines. You may also observe the birds eating ground insects. This behavior suggests that a storm is coming.
   • If the birds are flying high in the sky, then there will likely be fair weather.
   • If you’re near the sea, look for seagulls perched on the beach, which could indicate that a storm is coming.
   • Watch for large groups of roosting birds.
   • Birds also become quiet before a storm. Singing and chirping birds could indicate good weather.
3. 3 Look for bird migrations. Birds can sense air pressure and will time their migrations to good weather. If you see flocks of birds migrating in the sky, then the weather will likely be good that day.
4. 4 Notice if birds eat during a storm. If a storm is going to be short, birds will usually wait for the rain to end before looking for food. If you see birds eating during a storm, then it will likely last for a long time. Birds can sense the pressure patterns, allowing them to predict the weather.
5. 5 Search for bees and butterflies. Bees and butterflies return to their homes before a storm for safety. In the case of bees, they also work to preserve the hive. If you don’t see any bees and butterflies when you would expect to – such as in a field of flowers – then there may be a storm coming.
6. 6 Check cow pastures to see if they are lying down together. Cows usually gather together and lie down in their pasture before a rainstorm. This is likely because it cools down before a storm, and cows like to be close to the ground when the weather cools. Cows lying on the ground is an indication that it may rain.
   • This only applies to cows, not other livestock.
7. 7 Look for snakes. Snakes will leave their nests before bad weather, even if it’s in the middle of wintertime. Seeing snakes in unexpected places or at a time when the snake would normally be in its nest can be a sign of bad weather.
   • Snakes can even predict earthquakes. If you see a snake out of its nest behaving erratically, there could be an earthquake coming.
   • Snakes usually come out of their nests in sunny weather to warm themselves. They don’t like the cold because they are cold-blooded. A snake out of its nest when it’s not a warm, sunny day is an indication that bad weather is coming.
8. 8 Watch tortoises if they are nearby. Tortoises will seek higher ground before a storm, so look for movement to higher locations. You may see them in the road one to two days before a rain.

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• Question How does a tsunami stop? Meredith Juncker is a PhD candidate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Her studies are focused on proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific Researcher Expert Answer In most cases, a tsunami will stop when it collides with land. The water will be absorbed into the ground.
• Question How would I survive a tornado or hurricane without shelter? If it’s a tornado, get into a ditch and get in the fetal position and wait for the storm to pass. If it’s a hurricane, you need to get to high ground in case there is any flooding, though you’ll need to also be careful that wherever you decide to wait it out doesn’t expose you to flying debris or falling trees.
• Question How can I tell when a tornado is coming? Usually the sky will be dark and may have a greenish tint and the air will become very still. You might see wall clouds or a cloud of debris and there will probably be hail.

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• You can use a weather barometer to measure changes in pressure. Keep a notebook and observe what else happens when the pressure changes. Be attentive, and you might come up with your own weather prediction patterns that are localized to your area.
• You can also check the grass! Dewy morning grass often means that the weather will be clear that day, while dry morning grass coupled with strong breezes often means a storm is coming.
• People with arthritis often report feeling more joint pain when air pressure or temperature drop.

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• Some types of severe weather, like tornadoes, are very difficult to reliably predict. Be sure to tune in to your local weather forecast to find out how to get to safety if a storm is coming.
• Predicting the weather in this manner is not an exact science. Do not risk your life or others’ lives because of these experiments.

Advertisement Article Summary X To predict the weather without a forecast, start by figuring out which direction the wind is blowing. Easterly winds suggest that bad weather is heading your way. Next, watch for signs of high humidity, such as frizzy hair, curling leaves, and swollen wood, which may indicate that a storm is close by.

How accurate is 5 day forecast for rain?

The Short Answer: A seven-day forecast can accurately predict the weather about 80 percent of the time and a five-day forecast can accurately predict the weather approximately 90 percent of the time. However, a 10-day—or longer—forecast is only right about half the time. A weather forecast can pretty reliably tell you whether or not you’ll need an umbrella tomorrow. Credit: Public Domain Image If you want to know what the weather will be like within the next week, a weather forecast can give you a really good idea of what to expect.

A seven-day forecast can accurately predict the weather about 80 percent of the time and a five-day forecast can accurately predict the weather approximately 90 percent of the time. However, a 10-day—or longer—forecast is only right about half the time. Meteorologists use computer programs called weather models to make forecasts.

Since we can’t collect data from the future, models have to use estimates and assumptions to predict future weather. The atmosphere is changing all the time, so those estimates are less reliable the further you get into the future. A seven-day forecast is fairly accurate, but forecasts beyond that range are less reliable.

What is the English word for weather?

Weather noun (AIR CONDITIONS) the conditions in the air at a particular time, such as wind, rain, or temperature : I always wear gloves in cold weather. Expect some nasty weather tomorrow, possibly even a thunderstorm.

What is the climate in Moscow today?

Partly cloudy. High 14C. Winds N at 15 to 25 km/h.

Does it rain 90 days after fog?

Every year many people come up to us and ask this question: Is it true that it always rains 90 days after fog? To the meteorologist, this is an unexpected question, because nowhere does such a formula appear in any textbook. We usually reply no, albeit in a more polite fashion, although has anyone ever checked? This is actually a very easy thing to check. We simply identify all days with fog, then check how many had rain 90 days later. However, it’s actually not so simple. For one, the 90-day rule varies by person. Some say 60 days, some say 80-90 days, some say 90-100 days, so which is it? Also, what is considered rain? Most people interpret this to mean a significant storm, but what qualifies? Is 10 mm a big storm, or 20 mm, or 50 mm? Or does this mean any amount of rain? The uncertainty in the criteria is probably part of the reason this formula seems to work. We put this to the test for three major cities on the Prairies: Winnipeg, Regina, and Calgary. And since there’s uncertainty in the criteria, we checked at 30, 60, 90, and 120 day intervals. We also checked how often there was any rain (>0.01″ / 0.2 mm) more than ¼” (6.4 mm), ½” (12.7 mm), 1″ (25.4 mm), and 2″ (50.8 mm) of rain. The results may surprise you. The probability of any rain was obviously the highest, but it was still under 40% in all cases. But as you get into the significant rain categories, the numbers drop off significantly. By the time you get to 2″, the number of times it worked is well under 1% – in some cases it has never worked! So why does it seem to work?

During the late spring and summer, significant rains are fairly common on the Prairies. Southern Manitoba normally receives over 200 mm in May, June, and July, so there’s bound to be a few significant rains in there in a typical year. There is uncertainty in the criteria. If you mark fog on the calendar, then it rains about 90 days later, it has appeared to work. But the word “about” is the key one. So if it rains 85 days later does that count, what about 95 days? The larger the window you give, the more likely it will happen just by chance. We only remember when it works. If it doesn’t rain 90 days after work, you probably don’t remember it, but when it works you do remember.

One strange thing about this legend is that there doesn’t appear to be an origin to it. We tried to find out where this came from and why, but couldn’t find anything. In conclusion, the rain 90 days after fog legend is a pure myth. It only seems to work based because rain was likely to happen anyway.

How to predict rain using astrology?

Judgment of Results –

If malefic planets are in the Yama portion and benefic planets in the Saumya portion, then mediocre results obtain for the year. If either of benefic or malefic planets are in the Madhya (middle) portion, then the nature of the planet shall dictate its result. Planets in Chanda nadi indicate extreme winds and heat. Planets in Väta nadi indicate strong winds, hurricanes etc, but no heat. Planets in Dahana nadi indicate tremendous heat but low winds. Planets in Saumya nadi indicate a pleasant weather. Planets in Nira nadi indicate some humidity and mild to moderate rain. Planets in Jala nadi specifically indicate rainfall, especially if it is the Moon. Even one planet in Amrita nadi gives substantial rainfall for the year. Planets in their own nadi show profound increase in the indications of the nadi. For example if Mars is in Dahana (heat) nadi, we should expect excess heat with low or stagnant wind. Determine the nakshatra occupied by the Moon and the nadi this nakshatra is in. If the Moon conjoins/aspects the lord of the nadi, then there shall be rainfall. This is sure to happen during a full Moon. The Moon in Amrita nadi and three other planets in Amrita nadi indicate rain throughout the day; four planets in Amrita nadi indicate rain for three days consecutively, five planets in Amrita nadi indicate rain for seven days consecutively and if all planets are in Amrita nadi, the whole earth has rainfall and appears like an ocean! The Moon in Jala Nadi and three other planets also in Jala nadi indicates rain for half a day; five planets also in Jala nadi indicates rain for five days. The Moon in Nira nadi and three other planets also in Nira nadi indicates rain for one Prahara (3 hours); four planets instead indicates rain for half a day; five planets instead in Nira nadi indicates rain for three days. If all planets other than the Moon are in Amrita nadi then it rains consecutively for 18 days; if instead they are in Jala nadi, it rains for 12 days and if in Nira nadi the rainfall is for 6 days. If all planets are in the Saumya Bhaga then at least 3 days rainfall is observed whereas if the malefic planets are in Yama Bhaga, then shortage of rain occurs. If all planets other than the Moon are in Dahana, Väta or Chanda nadi, excessive heat and strong winds cause and the earth to dry up. If malefic planets conjoin/associate with the Moon & Venus, even if other indications like their presence in Saumya portion (Nira, Jala or Amrita nädis) are for good rainfall, there will be a shortage of rain. On the other hand benefic planets influencing Venus & Moon indicate rainfall even if they are in Yama portion (Chanda, Väta & Dahana Nadi). The various traditional tools for timing should be used. These include (a) the moment of retrogression & direct motion (especially of Saturn & Jupiter) or (b) the time of Sunrise (udaya käla) which can be used for the day or (c) the moment of solar ingress into a sign called Sankranti which can be used for the predictions for the month while the Mesha Sankranti can be used for the year itself, or (d) the natural seasons ruled by the six planets with the Sun indicating specifically for the year etc.

Example 4: Predict the seasons using the Samvatsara Chakra The Samvatsara chakra will always have the Sun at zero degrees in Aries in Aswini nakshatra and hence this effect is to be ignored. The remaining six planets as per 19 (d) above are used to predict the seasons. Refer to Chart-2: The Saptanädi Vedha Chakra is given below

	Saturn	Sun	Mars	Jupiter	Venus	Mercury	Moon
Nakshatra	Krittika MARS	Rohini SAT	Mrigashira RAHU	Aridra JUP	Punarvasu	Pushya	Ashlesha
Vishakha	Swati	Chitra	Hasta	Uttara Phalguni	Purva Phalguni	Magha
Anuradha	Jyeshtha KET	Mula	Purva Ashadha	Uttara Ashadha	Abhijit	Shravan
Bharani VEN	Ashvini MOON, MERC, SUN	Revati LAG	Uttara Bhadrapad	Purva Bhadrapad	Satabishak	Dhanistha
Nadi	Chanda	Vata	Dahana	Saumya	Nira	Jala	Amrita
Bhaga	Yama	Madhya	Soumya

The aspects to the planets are seen as per the Sarvatobhadra chakra. As an example, let us examine the Moon to determine the rainy season. Figure 1 Sarvatobhadra chakra showing aspects on Aswini The Moon is placed in a Vata nadi, which should normally indicate scanty rainfall. Lord of Vata nadi is the Sun and it conjoins the Moon indicating excellent rainfall in the year. The Moon is also ill aspected by Saturn & Ketu from Rohini & Jyeshtha respectively indicating fears and initial shortages i.e.

1. The rainfall maybe delayed (Saturn).
2. However it is well conjoined by natural benefic Mercury indicating that there shall be sufficient water for the crops.
3. Venus is ill placed in a Dahana nadi and is ill aspected by Mars showing some trouble to the seeds and crops due to excess heat and wind in the initial months of monsoon.

Assignment

Investigate the other methods for prognostication and determine how you will use this knowledge for each season, month and day. Try to predict tomorrow’s weather and keep a list of the right and wrong predictions. Pat yourself for a good prediction and try to find out the errors you made in the wrong predictions. Try to predict the exact time rain would start on a particular day. Late Pt. Ramesh Bhattacharya could do this, and so can you with some practice. What are the other methods for predicting rainfall? Have you investigated this area at all? Take a look at the classics and maybe you will find some clues and tools.

Does 100% rain mean it will rain all day?

Does 100% chance of precipitation mean it will rain all day? – A common misconception about PoP forecasts is that a 100% chance of rain means it will rain heavily all day long. This is not always true because PoP doesn’t portray anything about the intensity or the duration of the precipitation.

• A quick five-minute light shower that drops 0.02 inches of rain would still verify a 100% PoP forecast since: No.1, it rained; and No.2, there was at least 0.01 inches of precipitation.
• PoP forecasts are most difficult in the summer when there is a lot of moisture and instability available to spawn showers and thunderstorms, especially the afternoon hit-or-miss variety on those hot and humid days, which aren’t always triggered by your typical cold or warm front,

This is when your neighbor a few blocks away might get soaked by a drenching thunderstorm, but your car windshield doesn’t even have a single drop of rain on it. WHY HEAT FUELS SEVERE WEATHER Note the widely scattered thunderstorms across parts of Texas in this Doppler radar loop. (FOX Weather) So instead of relying strictly on PoP, forecasters might use terms such as isolated or scattered to describe the chance of rain in the summer,

Will it rain if there is a 50% chance?

When I See A 50% Chance Of Rain In The Forecast, What Does That Really Mean? July 31, 2021 / 9:10 PM / CBS Colorado DENVER (CBS4) – If you ask three people what a 50 percent chance of rain means you’ll potentially get three different answers. The chance for rain (or snow) is probably the most misunderstood part of the weather forecast. A 50 percent chance of rain means there is a 50 percent chance for any one spot in the forecast area to get wet during the forecast period. So what’s the forecast area and forecast period? FORECAST AREA – you may sometimes hear this called a forecast zone, and it’s often a county or a metro area, but it can be larger if the entire region has a similar climate.

• The forecast area can also be much smaller than a county.
• We see this a lot in states like Colorado due to the terrain.
• One county can have multiple forecast zones that are defined by elevation or the terrain.
• When it comes to television, the meteorologist is sometimes referring to his or her viewing area as the forecast zone.

But this isn’t true in a state like Colorado. For a meteorologist at a television station in Denver the POPS can sometimes vary widely, even within the metro area, due to local microclimates caused by the terrain. FORECAST PERIOD – this is usually something like today or tonight, but it can be more specific, such as this afternoon. (credit: CBS) Unfortunately, POPS is a very subjective topic. Let’s say your county is the forecast zone and it has a 50 percent chance for rain today. If it rains in just one spot sometime during the afternoon then the forecast verified, regardless of where the rain fell within the county.

1. The above scenario happens a lot.
2. It might rain in a rural or unpopulated part of the county, missing the bulk of the population.
3. Because the main population center missed out, most will think “they were wrong again,” referring to the local meteorologists, despite the forecast really verifying, because it did indeed rain within the forecast area during the forecast period.

First published on July 31, 2021 / 9:10 PM © 2021 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. : When I See A 50% Chance Of Rain In The Forecast, What Does That Really Mean?

What does 70 chance of rain mean?

40%-50% – SCATTERED – Roughly half of the area will encounter a shower or storm.60%-70% – NUMEROUS – Much of the area is covered so it’s likely you will get wet.80%-100% – WIDESPREAD – The entire area is covered with showers and storms so everyone gets rain!

What are the 7 types of weather?

Outforia Quicktake : Key Takeaways

1. There are nine common types of weather: sunshine, cloudy, partly cloudy, overcast, raining, snowing, foggy, thunder and lightning, and windy.
2. Weather forecasts are essential for planning outdoor activities and understanding potential weather hazards.
3. Weather.gov, Met Office, AccuWeather, YR.no, Windy, Windy.app, and Tropical Tidbits are reliable sources for weather forecasts and information.
4. Weather conditions can be described in terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind, and probability of precipitation.
5. Weather forecasting involves reviewing data from multiple dynamic models and historical weather data to create an accurate prediction.

There are few things on this planet that affect our day to day lives more than the weather. But despite the importance of the weather, many of us know relatively little about the atmospheric conditions that influence the environment all around us. In fact, there are so many different types of weather that we can experience depending on where we live and spend our time. types of weather by Outforia

Is Moscow the coldest city?

Yakutsk In Russia: The intensely cold winters may even impact the energy infrastructure of the city, many residents feared. – Temperatures fell to minus 50 degrees Celsius this week in Yakutsk region of Russia located in Siberia which is known as the coldest place on earth. Yakutsk In Russia: A pedestrian crosses a road on a frosty day in Yakutsk, Russia. (Reuters) Read more: Ex-Afghan woman lawmaker, who stayed in Kabul after Taliban takeover, shot dead “You can’t fight it. You either adjust and dress accordingly or you suffer,” a resident Anastasia Gruzdeva told news agency Reuters.

1. You don’t really feel the cold in the city.
2. Or maybe it’s just the brain prepares you for it, and tells you everything is normal,” she added.
3. Another resident, Nurgusun Starostina said there were no special secrets to deal with the cold.
4. Just dress warmly.
5. In layers, like a cabbage!,” she said.
6. The intensely cold winters may even impact the energy infrastructure of the city, many residents feared.

With no signs of this long winter coming to an end, residents are fearing that it may impact the energy infrastructure in the city. Read more: Keep us in loop, World Health Organisation tells China on Covid outbreak “Pipes are bursting, heating tanks are breaking down, everything is hard frozen.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR When not reading, this ex-literature student can be found searching for an answer to the question, “What is the purpose of journalism in society?”

What’s the coldest part of Russia?

Commuters behind frozen bus windows in Yakutsk, known as the coldest city in the world Mladen Antonov / AFP via Getty Images Wake up and start layering on multiple hats, scarves and mittens. Go outside to check on the car that’s been running all night, because turning it off could cause the engine to freeze.

Visibility is poor because the city is shrouded in ” ice fog “—a thick mist that forms when the temperature is too cold for hot air to rise. Welcome to winter in Yakutsk, the coldest city in the world, Residents of this notoriously frosty city, the capital of Russia’s Sakha Republic in eastern Siberia, regularly deal with temperatures as low as minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter.

But last week, temperatures plunged to minus 80.9 degrees—the coldest in more than two decades, reports CNN ‘s Heather Chen. The air in Yakutsk is often cold enough to make exposed skin go numb, which, if unnoticed, can lead to frostbite. But even so, some locals seem unfazed. Villagers harvest ice from a local lake near the settlement of Oy, some 40 miles south of Yakutsk. Mladen Antonov / AFP via Getty Images More than 300,000 people live and work in Yakutsk, which is one of Siberia’s fastest growing regional cities, despite its cold temperatures and far-flung location, 3,100 miles from Moscow.

Located on the Lena River, Yakutsk is a mining city—and wages can sometimes be higher there, a payoff for the harsh climate. It also attracts adventurous tourists intrigued by the city’s frosty reputation. Another resident, Nurgusun Starostina, sells frozen fish at an outdoor market—and she doesn’t even need to use a freezer.

“Just dress warmly,” she tells Reuters. “In layers, like a cabbage!” Yakutsk’s other claims to fame? It’s a great place to learn about the Ice Age—specifically, the woolly mammoth. The city houses the Mammoth Museum, where visitors can view woolly mammoth fossils, and the Melnikov Permafrost Institute’s Underground Laboratory, which has a tunnel showcasing fossils in below-freezing temperatures.

The city is built on a continuous permafrost, meaning that a layer of frozen soil is present even in the summer. Many buildings are constructed on stilts because of these conditions, which can threaten structures’ foundations when the frost starts to thaw, Life in the freezing city may be difficult, especially when temperatures break records, but many have found ways to adapt.

That’s doubly true for the smaller villages outside the city, like Oymyakon, a rural locality in the Sakha Republic. “A guy I was staying with left his car running all night, but even so, in the morning, the drive shaft was completely frozen,” photographer Amos Chapple recounted to Smithsonian magazine ‘s Natasha Geiling in 2015.

How large is Russia?

Largest Countries in the World (by area) The largest country in the world is Russia with a total area of 17,098,242 Km² (6,601,665 mi²) and a land area of 16,376,870 Km² (6,323,142 mi²), equivalent to 11% of the total world’s landmass of 148,940,000 Km² (57,510,000 square miles). See also:

Is there more oxygen after rain?

Site Evidence that Suggests Listing DO as a Candidate Cause – Figure 6, Fertilizers and pesticides from landscaped features such as homes and golf courses may create oxygen demand in nearby water bodies. In addition to observations of sources discussed above, observational evidence suggesting that low DO should be included as a potential candidate cause includes the following: High plant abundance : Large amounts of algae (in the water column or on solid substrates) or aquatic vascular plants suggest the possibility of low DO, due to high plant respiration at night and high oxygen demand for decomposition of plant detritus.

• When plant abundance, temperatures, and light levels are high and turbulence is low, DO supersaturation may occur during the day, with decreased DO at night.
• Slow-moving water : Very slow-moving or still water (see Figure 8) may have low DO because of lack of turbulent aeration.
• In addition, slow-moving water tends to warm, reducing saturation levels for DO in the water column.

Slow currents also may hamper delivery of oxygen to organisms. Figure 7, This stream was channelized into a ditch with most riparian tree cover removed, likely reducing turbulence and increasing water temperatures. Reduced water volume : Reduced water volume can concentrate fish into pools or other refugia where respiration exceeds oxygen renewal.

Water volume can be reduced by removal for irrigation or other uses, by seasonal changes in rainfall, or by loss of suitable habitat due to episodic pollution, temperature increases or other factors. Weather conditions, seasons, time of day : Colder water saturates at higher DO levels than warmer water, so DO concentrations at a specific location are usually higher in winter than summer.

During dry seasons, water levels decrease and stream flows decline, warming water and reducing turbulent mixing with air. During rainy seasons, oxygen concentrations tend to rise in most surface waters because rain saturates with oxygen as it falls. More sunlight and warmer temperatures also increase plant growth and animal activity, which may increase or decrease DO concentrations and increase diurnal fluctuation. Figure 8, Low DO is likely to occur in this wetland, where low flow reduces aeration and high plant density increases respiration at night. Courtesy of Jeff Varrichione, Maine DEP Presence of organic wastes : Organic wastes are the remains of any living or once-living organism (e.g., dead plants or animals, leaves, animal droppings, sewage).

Such organic matter observed within or being released to a waterbody suggests low DO as a candidate cause because organic decomposition consumes oxygen. Excessive organic wastes in water may result in a grayish cast with visible sludge deposits in depositional areas. Turbidity : Turbidity can limit photosynthesis and may be due in part to suspended organic matter which creates biological oxygen demand.

Bad odor : Water smelling like rotten eggs or sour cabbage can indicate the presence of low oxygen conditions. Color : The color of water that is low in oxygen may change from light green to pea-soup green, brown, gray or black. Dark sediments due to metal sulfides indicate anoxic conditions.

Can fog last all day?

FOG DISSIPATION

METEOROLOGIST JEFF HABY Fog is a cloud on the ground. It is a situation in which the air is humid enough that cloud particles of moisture condense out of the air. The most likely time for fog to develop is in the overnight hours. This is because at this time the air is generally cooling off and the temperature is thus dropping closer to the dewpoint. Since the coolest temperatures of the day generally occur around sunrise, it is not too surprising that this time also experiences the most fog typically. Once fog develops, it will persist as long as moisture can continue to condense out of the air. Once the condensation process is slowed by rising temperature or other factors, the fog will begin to dissipate. It is in the morning hours that temperatures generally warm at the fastest rate. When comparing the 6 am to 11 am time frame to the 11 am to 4 pm time frame, generally much greater warming will occur in the 6 am to 11 am time frame. This is because on many nights a shallow layer of cool air will pool at the surface. Long wave ground emission contributes to cooling the air. This effect is most noticeable when the winds are fairly light since less mixing will occur with air higher aloft. Once the sun starts shining on the earths surface, the shallow layer of cool air will quickly mix out with warmer and often drier air aloft. Also, warming takes place from the sun warming the ground surface which in turn warms the surface layer of air. It is the early morning sunlight hours that fog tends to dissipate. Under certain meteorological circumstances, fog can persists all day long and can develop at times besides the overnight hours. In general though, fog develops overnight and dissipates (mixes out) in the early morning sunlight hours. When the air warms, the temperature will increase above the dewpoint. Generally when conditions are saturated in the air at the earths surface, the temperature will equal the dewpoint (Relative Humidity 100%). Once the air warms, typically the temperature will increase above the dewpoint value. This will cause the tiny cloud (fog) droplets to evaporate. Also, as the sun warms the surface, convective thermals will start mixing out the air (think of mixing as like water mixing when it is boiling by being warmed by the burner below). These two processes (mixing out of surface air with drier air aloft and the temperature warming) cause fog to decrease in density and then eventually dissipate altogether. On a foggy morning, this process will often play out thus it is a meteorological treat to watch!

FOG DISSIPATION

Does fog stay all day?

Types – Fog can form in a number of ways, depending on how the cooling that caused the condensation occurred. Radiation fog is formed by the cooling of land after sunset by infrared thermal radiation in calm conditions with a clear sky. The cooling ground then cools adjacent air by conduction, causing the air temperature to fall and reach the dew point, forming fog.

In perfect calm, the fog layer can be less than a meter thick, but turbulence can promote a thicker layer. Radiation fog occurs at night, and usually does not last long after sunrise, but it can persist all day in the winter months, especially in areas bounded by high ground. Radiation fog is most common in autumn and early winter.

Examples of this phenomenon include tule fog, Ground fog is fog that obscures less than 60% of the sky and does not extend to the base of any overhead clouds. However, the term is usually a synonym for shallow radiation fog; in some cases the depth of the fog is on the order of tens of centimetres over certain kinds of terrain with the absence of wind. Advection fog layer in San Francisco with the Golden Gate Bridge and skyline in the background Advection fog occurs when moist air passes over a cool surface by advection (wind) and is cooled. It is common as a warm front passes over an area with significant snow-pack.

It is most common at sea when moist air encounters cooler waters, including areas of cold water upwelling, such as along the California coast ( see San Francisco fog ). A strong enough temperature difference over water or bare ground can also cause advection fog. Although strong winds often mix the air and can disperse, fragment, or prevent many kinds of fog, markedly warmer and humid air blowing over a snowpack can continue to generate advection fog at elevated velocities up to 80 km/h (50 mph) or more – this fog will be in a turbulent, rapidly moving, and comparatively shallow layer, observed as a few centimetres/inches in depth over flat farm fields, flat urban terrain and the like, and/or form more complex forms where the terrain is different such as rotating areas in the lee of hills or large buildings and so on.

Fog formed by advection along the California coastline is propelled onto land by one of several processes. A cold front can push the marine layer coast-ward, an occurrence most typical in the spring or late fall. During the summer months, a low-pressure trough produced by intense heating inland creates a strong pressure gradient, drawing in the dense marine layer.

Also, during the summer, strong high pressure aloft over the desert southwest, usually in connection with the summer monsoon, produces a south to southeasterly flow which can drive the offshore marine layer up the coastline; a phenomenon known as a “southerly surge”, typically following a coastal heat spell.

However, if the monsoonal flow is sufficiently turbulent, it might instead break up the marine layer and any fog it may contain. Moderate turbulence will typically transform a fog bank, lifting it and breaking it up into shallow convective clouds called stratocumulus,

Evaporation fog or steam fog forms over bodies of water overlain by much colder air; this situation can also lead to the formation of steam devils, which look like their dust counterparts, Lake effect fog is of this type, sometimes in combination with other causes like radiation fog. It tends to differ from most advective fog formed over land in that it is, like lake-effect snow, a convective phenomenon, resulting in fog that can be very dense and deep and looks fluffy from above.

Frontal fog forms in much the same way as stratus cloud near a front when raindrops, falling from relatively warm air above a frontal surface, evaporate into cooler air close to the Earth’s surface and cause it to become saturated. This type of fog can be the result of a very low frontal stratus cloud subsiding to surface level in the absence of any lifting agent after the front passes.

1. Ice fog forms in very low temperatures and can be the result of other mechanisms mentioned here, as well as the exhalation of moist warm air by herds of animals.
2. It can be associated with the diamond dust form of precipitation, in which very small crystals of ice form and slowly fall.
3. This often occurs during blue sky conditions, which can cause many types of halos and other results of refraction of sunlight by the airborne crystals.

Freezing fog, which deposits rime, is composed of droplets of supercooled water that freeze to surfaces on contact. Precipitation fog (or frontal fog ) forms as precipitation falls into drier air below the cloud, the liquid droplets evaporate into water vapor.

1. The water vapor cools and at the dewpoint it condenses and fog forms.
2. Hail fog sometimes occurs in the vicinity of significant hail accumulations due to decreased temperature and increased moisture leading to saturation in a very shallow layer near the surface.
3. It most often occurs when there is a warm, humid layer atop the hail and when wind is light.

This ground fog tends to be localized but can be extremely dense and abrupt. It may form shortly after the hail falls; when the hail has had time to cool the air and as it absorbs heat when melting and evaporating, Upslope fog forms when moist air is going up the slope of a mountain or hill (orographic lifting) which condenses into fog on account of adiabatic cooling, and to a lesser extent the drop in pressure with altitude.

How is rain good luck?

Rain is good luck because it signifies that you will have children, be cleansed of the sadness and tough times from your past and be given a new chapter in your life. It also symbolizes that your marriage will last, something that we all hope for.

Which symbol is rain?

Weather Symbols

Weather Symbol	Name	Number
☂	Umbrella Rainy Weather	☂
☔	Umbrella Showery Weather	☔
🌫	Fog	🌫
🌁	Foggy	🌁

What planet gets rain?

Earth and Saturn’s moon Titan are the only worlds in our solar system where liquid rain hits a surface.

Does 50% chance of rain mean it will rain all day?

It means over the service area(whatever that is) that there is a 50/50 chance of rain. It does not indicate what portion of the day will receive rain. The probability that it will rain on any day is 0.2708.

Does 70% chance of rain mean it will rain all day?

1. Re: 70% chance of rain – does that mean rain all day? 10 years ago Rather than the regular forecast, check out http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ to see if there is any signficant weather headed to the area. To answer you question, “70% chance of rain” does not mean it will rain all day.

What does 40 chance of rain mean?

If a forecast for a given county says that there is a 40% chance of rain this afternoon, then there is a 40% chance of rain at any point in the county from noon to 6 p.m. local time. This point probability of precipitation is predetermined and arrived at by the forecaster by.

How reliable is the BBC weather forecast?

I t was a tale of two storms. The first consisted of the rain and thunder forecast for Bournemouth by the BBC weather app on the Saturday spring bank holiday. The second came when the first failed to materialise and a tourism manager in the town complained that visitors who stayed away could have come after all and enjoyed sunshine and blue skies.

This opportunity to rage at inaccurate forecasting, bash the BBC and highlight the grievances of small businesses did not go to waste. For the Sun, it was a “blunderstorm”, The Mail gave voice to furious social media users whose weekend had been ruined by “crap forecasting” and “total incompetence”.

The Spectator even managed to use the row to take pot shots at climate-change predictions, So, just another non-storm in a media teacup? Perhaps, yet the story highlights important questions about how technology is transforming both weather forecasting and our relationship with it. Nasa’s GOES-16 weather satellite scans more quickly and in greater resolution than previous devices. Photograph: www.goes-r.gov The foundation of modern weather forecasting involves gathering huge amounts of data on the state of the atmosphere and Earth’s surface, such as temperature, humidity and wind conditions.

Gaps in the data are filled by extrapolating from available observations and past forecasts. Forecast models consisting of sets of equations governing physical and chemical processes use this as a starting point to calculate future conditions. The impact of weather forecasting on human activities is hard to overstate.

A 2011 study by the economist Jeffrey Lazo found that US GDP alone could vary by as much as $485bn (£366bn), depending on the weather. No wonder huge sums have been invested in improving predictive capabilities. The number of weather observations has risen dramatically, along with their quality.

• The Met Office, for example, is integrating wind-speed data gathered from transponders carried by large aircraft for navigation purposes into its models.
• Nasa’s GOES-16 satellite, declared operational in December, scans the Earth much more quickly and in greater resolution than previous satellites.
• In February, the UK completed a £10m upgrade of its rainfall radar network, allowing it to deliver five times more data than before.

All this data is fed into “petaflop” supercomputers capable of doing a thousand trillion calculations per second. These are needed because of the complexity of forecast models that approximate atmospheric processes. These models have become ever more complex as the science has advanced.

The extra number-crunching firepower also enables “ensemble forecasting”, whereby forecast models are run multiple times using slightly different starting data to explore the probabilities of various outcomes. This combination of more data, bigger computers and better algorithms has delivered impressive results.

A study published in Nature in 2015 found the ability of meteorologists to predict atmospheric pressures three to 10 days ahead had been improving at a rate of about one day per decade since 1981. The Met Office says its four-day air pressure forecasts are now almost as accurate as its one-day forecasts were three decades ago.

The digital revolution has transformed how we get and use weather forecasts. Smartphone apps offer highly localised predictions and wider time frames – from what will happen in the next hour to a fortnight’s time. There are 8,000 apps with the word “weather” in their title for Android phones and 2,400 for iPhone users.

With so much choice, how can non-experts work out which are most reliable? Measuring forecasting accuracy is far from simple. What is most important – temperature, rain or wind conditions? Is average overall error most useful, or how often a prediction meets reality? “There are many, many ways to measure forecasting accuracy,” says Eric Floehr, founder of ForecastWatch, a US company that analyses the performance of weather providers.

“Different forecasters perform better on different measures, longer or shorter timeframes or in certain geographical regions.” A ForecastWatch report published last year compared the accuracy of six leading global forecast providers – AccuWeather, the Weather Channel, Weather Underground, Foreca, Intellicast and Dark Sky.

The study covered one- to five-day forecasts for 1,145 locations, including 29 in the UK, during 2016. AccuWeather’s predictions were best for temperature averages and highs, probability of precipitation and wind speed. The Weather Channel and Weather Underground came top for low temperature predictions.

• Dark Sky came last in all these categories.
• In the UK, the BBC app has the most users, followed by the Met Office’s.
• In February, the BBC switched from using the Met Office to generate its app forecasts to MeteoGroup, a forecasting company owned by a US private equity group, on grounds, it says, of service quality and value for money.

Floehr provided the Observer with separate data on 12 forecasters covering 29 UK locations during 2017. In a composite measure of accuracy, the Weather Channel and Weather Underground came top, AccuWeather fifth, MeteoGroup (the BBC’s new provider) sixth and the BBC ninth (based on Met Office forecasts).

1. On the correct prediction of precipitation, MeteoGroup came fourth overall and the BBC 10th of the 12.
2. Most regular weather app users will be familiar with the dilemma of trying to decide which to believe when predictions disagree.
3. Given the improved accuracy of forecasting in recent years, why is there still such wide variation between different providers? Some forecasters can access more observations than others.

And they use different algorithms based on different forecast models with different levels of detail. Some apps simply churn out computer models’ predictions, others employ meteorologists to supervise and correct these, especially in unusual or extreme weather.

“We have unique relationships with governments and companies that allow us to obtain the most relevant, real-time data, and use over 125 global, regional, national and local forecast models, says Jonathan Porter, a vice president at AccuWeather. “We’re constantly integrating new datasets and enhancing our algorithms.

Our human meteorologists provide an extra layer of expertise when needed.”Even if the raw data coming out of algorithms used by different forecasters were identical, there could still be differences by the time their reached our screens. “One big difference between apps is what information they choose to show,” says Derrick Ryall, head of public weather service at the Met Office. Statistician Nate Silver showed that forecasters’ rain predictions tended to be pessimistic. Photograph: Graeme Robertson/The Guardian Another source of difference between apps is that, contrary to what some might expect, accuracy is not the sole consideration.

• In his 2012 book The Signal and the Noise, US statistician Nate Silver highlighted how plotting forecasters’ rain predictions against actual weather showed some consistently erred on the pessimistic side, especially at lower and higher probabilities of rain.
• As a consumer you are going to be a lot more upset with a forecaster if you get rained on and forget your umbrella, than if you don’t have to use the umbrella you took,” says Floehr.

“Because of this, some forecasters tend to over-forecast precipitation.” Some leading forecasters are now moving away from this approach. Peter Neilley, a senior vice president at the Weather Company says it stopped having a “wet bias” around three years ago.

Rather than trying to make judgments ubiquitously about what’s important to people, we pay more attention to the probability of precipitation so people can make their own judgments,” he says. The BBC app has faced widespread accusations of pessimism. It now includes hourly percentage chances of rain, which have caused confusion.

“If you try to compare the weather symbol with just the probability of rain you won’t always see a direct correlation because other elements have an influence on that symbol,” said Nikki Berry, a senior meteorologist at MeteoGroup. The BBC app sometimes displays a daily rain icon even when it predicts a less than 50% chance of rain during just one hour of that day.

1. We use the most significant or impactful weather on that day so people aren’t caught out,” says Berry.
2. She adds that those making important decisions based on forecasts should look beyond weather icons for more detail on the BBC website weather page.
3. As in many other spheres, advanced computers are increasingly muscling in on roles previously done by meteorologists.

As faster processors take over the grunt work, forecasters are shifting towards the more complex aspects of their profession. “There is very little human touch to the forecasts people receive on their smartphones,” says Floehr. “Meteorologists are increasingly focused on communicating forecasts, and helping people turn them into actionable intelligence.

• At some point in the next 10-20 years there will no longer be meteorologists in the forecast loop.” However, those for whom the joy of complaining about the weather is only surpassed by a good moan about forecasters – whether in the media or not – can rest assured.
• Science tells us there is no such thing as a perfect weather forecast.

“To know everything about the weather you would need to model every single particle in the atmosphere and all interactions between them,” says Neilley. “That isn’t even theoretically possible, because the computer doing the modelling would generate heat and become part of the system, and then need modelling. Lightning in Tucson, Arizona: ‘The impact of weather forecasting on human activities is hard to overstate.’ Photograph: Alamy