Who Is The Father Of Child Centric Education?

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Who Is The Father Of Child Centric Education
Jean Rousseau Jean Rousseau is known as the father of early childhood education.
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Why Rousseau is called the father of child centric education?

Jean Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau

Born: 1712 Died: 1778 Nationality: French Occupation: philosopher, social and political theorist, musician, botanist, writer Philosophical/Educational School of Thought: Existentialism Publications: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (essay) Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality La Nouvelle Heloise Lettre sur les spectacles The Social Contract Emile Confessions Rousseau, juge de Jean Jacques Reveries Les Muses galantes (opera)

Educational Viewpoint: Rousseau’s theory of education emphasized the importance of expression to produce a well-balanced, freethinking child. He believed that if children are allowed to develop naturally without constraints imposed on them by society they will develop towards their fullest potential, both educationally and morally.

  • This natural development should be child-centered and focused on the needs and experiences of the child at each stage of development.
  • Educational Impact: Rousseau is known as the father of early childhood education.
  • As a result of his educational viewpoint, early childhood education emerged as a child-centered entity rich in unlimited, sensory-driven, practical experiences.

Active participation in drawing, measuring, speaking, and singing also emerged as a result of Rousseau’s educational viewpoint. Today, many elements of Rousseau’s educational principles remain as a dominant force in early childhood education. References: Harrison, P.
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Who is the father of child development theory?

Jean Piaget, (born August 9, 1896, Neuchâtel, Switzerland—died September 16, 1980, Geneva), Swiss psychologist who was the first to make a systematic study of the acquisition of understanding in children. He is thought by many to have been the major figure in 20th-century developmental psychology.
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Who is the father of ECCE?

Piaget’s constructivist theory – Jean Piaget’s constructivist theory gained influence in the 1970s and ’80s. Although Piaget himself was primarily interested in a descriptive psychology of cognitive development, he also laid the groundwork for a constructivist theory of learning.

Piaget believed that learning comes from within: children construct their own knowledge of the world through experience and subsequent reflection. He said that “if logic itself is created rather than being inborn, it follows that the first task of education is to form reasoning.” Within Piaget’s framework, teachers should guide children in acquiring their own knowledge rather than simply transferring knowledge.

According to Piaget’s theory, when young children encounter new information, they attempt to accommodate and assimilate it into their existing understanding of the world. Accommodation involves adapting mental schemas and representations to make them consistent with reality.

Assimilation involves fitting new information into their pre-existing schemas. Through these two processes, young children learn by equilibrating their mental representations with reality. They also learn from mistakes. A Piagetian approach emphasizes experiential education; in school, experiences become more hands-on and concrete as students explore through trial and error.

Thus, crucial components of early childhood education include exploration, manipulating objects, and experiencing new environments. Subsequent reflection on these experiences is equally important. Piaget’s concept of reflective abstraction was particularly influential in mathematical education.

  • Through reflective abstraction, children construct more advanced cognitive structures out of the simpler ones they already possess.
  • This allows children to develop mathematical constructs that cannot be learned through equilibration – making sense of experiences through assimilation and accommodation – alone.

According to Piagetian theory, language and symbolic representation is preceded by the development of corresponding mental representations. Research shows that the level of reflective abstraction achieved by young children was found to limit the degree to which they could represent physical quantities with written numerals.

Piaget held that children can invent their own procedures for the four arithmetical operations, without being taught any conventional rules. Piaget’s theory implies that computers can be a great educational tool for young children when used to support the design and construction of their projects. McCarrick and Xiaoming found that computer play is consistent with this theory.

However, Plowman and Stephen found that the effectiveness of computers is limited in the preschool environment; their results indicate that computers are only effective when directed by the teacher. This suggests, according to the constructivist theory, that the role of preschool teachers is critical in successfully adopting computers as they existed in 2003.
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What is the main theory of Rousseau?

3.2 The emergence of the general will: procedure, virtue and the legislator – In The Social Contract Rousseau envisages three different types or levels of will as being in play. First, individuals all have private wills corresponding to their own selfish interests as natural individuals; second, each individual, insofar as he or she identifies with the collective as a whole and assumes the identity of citizen, wills the general will of that collective as his or her own, setting aside selfish interest in favor of a set of laws that allow all to coexist under conditions of equal freedom; third, and very problematically, a person can identify with the corporate will of a subset of the populace as a whole.

The general will is therefore both a property of the collective and a result of its deliberations, and a property of the individual insofar as the individual identifies as a member of the collective. In a well-ordered society, there is no tension between private and general will, as individuals accept that both justice and their individual self-interest require their submission to a law which safeguards their freedom by protecting them from the private violence and personal domination that would otherwise hold sway.

In practice, however, Rousseau believes that many societies will fail to have this well-ordered character. One way in which they can fail is if private individuals are insufficiently enlightened or virtuous and therefore refuse to accept the restrictions on their own conduct which the collective interest requires.

  • Another mode of political failure arises where the political community is differentiated into factions (perhaps based on a class division between rich and poor) and where one faction can impose its collective will on the state as a whole.
  • The Social Contract harbors a further tension between two accounts of how the general will emerges and its relation to the private wills of citizens.
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Sometimes Rousseau favors a procedural story according to which the individual contemplation of self interest (subject to the constraints of generality and universality and under propitious sociological background conditions such as rough equality and cultural similarity) will result in the emergence of the general will from the assembly of citizens (see Sreenivasan 2000).

  1. In this account of the emergence of the general will, there seems to be no special need for citizens to have any specifically moral qualities: the constraints on their choice should be enough.
  2. However, Rousseau also clearly believes that the mere contemplation of self interest would be inadequate to generate a general will.

This may partly concern issues of compliance, since selfish citizens who can will the general will might still not be moved to obey it. But Rousseau also seems to believe that citizen virtue is a necessary condition for the emergence of the general will in the first place.

  • This presents him with a problem for which his figure of the legislator is one attempted solution.
  • As a believer in the plasticity of human nature, Rousseau holds that good laws make for good citizens.
  • However, he also believes both that good laws can only be willed by good citizens and that, in order to be legitimate, they must be agreed upon by the assembly.

This puts him in some difficulty, as it is unlikely that the citizens who come together to form a new state will have the moral qualities required to will good laws, shaped as those citizens will have been by unjust institutions. The legislator or lawgiver therefore has the function of inspiring a sense of collective identity in the new citizens that allows them to identify with the whole and be moved to support legislation that will eventually transform them and their children into good citizens.

In this story, however, the new citizens at first lack the capacity to discern the good reasons that support the new laws and the lawgiver has to persuade them by non-rational means to legislate in their own best interests. The figure of the legislator is a puzzle. Like the tutor in Emile, the legislator has the role of manipulating the desires of his charges, giving them the illusion of free choice without its substance.

Little wonder then that many critics have seen these characters in a somewhat sinister light. In both cases there is a mystery concerning where the educator figure comes from and how he could have acquired the knowledge and virtue necessary to perform his role.
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Is Rousseau the father of modern education?

The concept of ‘modern education’ is directly connected with Rousseau’s theory of education. It is often said that Rousseau ‘founded’ modern education, or at least was its most influential predecessor.
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What is Rousseau best known for?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is famous for reconceiving the social contract as a compact between the individual and a collective ‘general will’ aimed at the common good and reflected in the laws of an ideal state and for maintaining that existing society rests on a false social contract that perpetuates inequality and rule by
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Who is the founder of World of education?

Our Founder – World Education World Education Founder, Welthy Honsinger Fisher If World Education is a tree, with branches currently reaching out all over the world, then its root, buried deep in the soil of Lucknow, India, is Literacy House. The light, heat, and water that nurtured its growth was Welthy Honsinger Fisher, the founder of Literacy House and World Education.

  1. That an American woman campaigned for women’s literacy and women’s independence in India in the 1950s is extraordinary.
  2. That Welthy Fisher began the enterprise that would become World Education at the age of 73, in the midst of a life that would include teaching and traveling on almost every continent for the next eighteen years, sheds light on just how extraordinary she was.
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Welthy Honsinger began her life in 1879 in Rome, New York. After receiving her college education from Syracuse University, she traveled to China as a Methodist missionary to become principal of Bao Lin, a girls’ school in Nanchang Province. The year was 1906, fourteen years before American women would have the right to vote.

While there, she encouraged her girls to develop into new, modern Chinese women, often against the wishes of their more traditional parents. She was committed to the idea of women’s independence, however, and knew that if she could give them the tools they needed through education, then there would be no stopping them from changing the face of China.

In her words: To me there was virtue and grace in ‘Old China’ and virtue and hope in `New China.’ Proud of my own rich inheritance of freedom, I was trying to teach my southern Chinese children to ‘know the truth.’ My charges, ranging from babies to teen-agers, were the women of ‘Young China’s’ future. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Mr. Akbar Ali Khan, and Welthy Fisher celebrating the 20th Founder Day of Literacy House, Lucknow, 1973. In 1924, after working for the YWCA during World War I and traveling the world for pleasure, Welthy married Frederick Bohn Fisher, a Methodist bishop with a passion for life, freedom, and mutual respect among all peoples.

  1. For the next fourteen years these two amazing personalities joined forces to campaign for cooperation among peoples and cultures in order to eradicate suffering and promote peace.
  2. Throughout their travels, they came to realize that lack of education and poverty were the cause of much suffering in the world, and they both spoke publicly throughout the U.S.

to raise awareness of such problems. The Fishers spent much of their time in India, where Fred’s sermons drew standing-room-only crowds. Despite Fred’s powerful Christian message, and both Fred and Welthy’s dedication to their Christian faith, they had the ability to see beyond the boundaries of individual religions.

They embraced all races, cultures, and faiths equally. It was this “spiritual color-blindness” that drew the attention of Gandhi, a man who would remain both friend and inspiration to the Fishers throughout their lives. In the times they met with Gandhi, they engaged in philosophical debate and discussed how best to solve the multitudes of problems India was facing in the twentieth century.

Welthy was impressed with Gandhi’s dedication and self-sacrifice. “There was no one with whom I could compare him except Christ himself,” she once said. While traveling in the U.S. in 1938, Welthy, at 59 years of age, lost her favorite companion and great love when Fred Fisher died of heart complications.

  1. Although she felt an overwhelming sense of loss and loneliness, she carried on her life’s work with the positive outlook that characterized every aspect of her life.
  2. Once again, she was off to make her place in the world, first traveling to China and India as a journalist, and then to South America and the Middle East to study women and educational systems.

On a trip to India in 1947, she was asked by Gandhi himself to return permanently to India and continue her work in education there. Her life came full circle, as it was in India that she decided beyond all doubt that the only way to eradicate poverty was through literacy training.

  • As Welthy said at that time: Illiteracy is a real tragedy for a modern man.
  • As a nation becomes democratic and industrial, there’s no time for the wise men, for the cultured illiteracy of simpler civilizations, where remembered words were handed down in the village square.
  • Now a man who can’t read is cut off from participation in his own government, in choosing his leaders.

He can’t progress or improve himself because he can’t read directions or handle the workings of machines. In this new India, men and women needed to read as never before.” The Government of India issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor Welthy Fisher. Dedicated to improving the chances of men and women’s survival, advancement and independence in “new India” through education, Welthy began Literacy House, a small, nonformal school that would combine literacy with agricultural training.

However, it was not long before Welthy and other literacy pioneers realized that “new India” could be replaced with “new Asia,” “new Africa” or even “new America,” and World Education was born in New York City, dedicated to providing literacy training to those who needed it most throughout the world.

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Welthy Honsinger Fisher was deeply involved with World Education either as president or advisor from 1951 until 1972 when she gave up all official duties. At the age of 93, she was once again free to travel as she pleased. In 1973 she visited China for the first time in years and returned to Peking in 1978 as the oldest foreign guest of the government.

  • She made two “farewell” trips to India in 1973 and 1977 but returned one last time in 1980 before dying at the age of 101 in Southbury, Connecticut.
  • Two things are certain about Welthy: she was a woman of action, and she had a personality so large and multi-faceted it is almost impossible to portray accurately in words.

While she fought tirelessly for education for the poor and was dedicated to the notion of Christian charity, she never gave up her personal pleasures, including her collection of stylish dresses and hats, her desire to be hopelessly in love with her husband, and her delight in singing in her renowned voice.

She had an amazing ability as a fundraiser, yet she paid her own way every time she traveled internationally. She lived her entire life on the very modest wages she made through working for various organizations, yet she never wanted for anything. Above all else, she was ready at a moment’s notice to speak, campaign, raise money, or travel for the people she helped in India.

She had an amazing energy that persisted until the day she died of natural old age. World Education still benefits from that energy. Thanks to the tireless efforts of Welthy Fisher, World Education was built with enough vision and strength to carry on her work into the twenty-first century and to expand to reach larger numbers of women, girls, and men.
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Which method is child-centric?

​Child-centred approach – When your service takes a child-centred approach, this means it:

plans and designs all aspects of the service to meet the individual needs and abilities of every childgives all children the same opportunity to access and participate in all parts of the serviceadjusts and tailors activities towards all children’s unique needs includes the child, their family and support team in decision making makes the ‘child’s voice’ and preferences a priority reflects and seeks feedback from all involved.

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Why is modern education called child-centric?

What is Child-Centric Education and Life Skills? – An unconventional form of education, the child-centric approach focuses more on the holistic development of children. Alongside academic knowledge, it aims at developing the physical, mental, cognitive, and emotional abilities of a child. Life skills are the abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the challenges of every day. Top nursery schools in Gurgaon have realized the importance of integrating these into their academic curriculum to character development.
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Is Piaget the father of cognitive development?

Support for Piaget’s Theory –

  • The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s world and their methods of studying children. He was an inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas. Piaget’s ideas have generated a huge amount of research which has increased our understanding of cognitive development.
  • Piaget (1936) was one of the first psychologists to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a stage theory of child cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities.
  • His ideas have been of practical use in understanding and communicating with children, particularly in the field of education (re: Discovery Learning). Piaget’s theory has been applied across education. According to Piaget’s theory, educational programmes should be designed to correspond to the stages of development.

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What is John Dewey theory in child development?

John Dewey’s Theory Who Is The Father Of Child Centric Education John Dewey is often seen as the proponent of learning by doing – rather than learning by passively receiving. He believed that each child was active, inquisitive and wanted to explore. He believed that children need to interact with other people, and work both alone and cooperatively with their peers and adults.
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Who is the founder of nursery?

The Early Infant Schools and Kindergartens This was either a school organized for older children or an infant school, the first of which was opened by the utopian socialist reformer Robert Owen (1771–1858) in Scotland in 1816. The infant schools that followed were promoted by infant school societies.
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Who is the founder of nursery school?

Abigail Eliot was one of the first women to create a nursery school for young children in the United States. She based it on her training and education with the British founder of the nursery school, Margaret McMillan.
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