Education Portal for Students in India

Why does learning management matter?

Why Use a Learning Management System? Benefits – If you’re still wondering what a learning management system is and why you should have one, let’s discuss the benefits. Cost savings : Training and teaching via an LMS reduces employee travel, optimizes training expenditure and usage, and minimizes facilities and instructors to pay.

1. From the cost savings aspect, an LMS is a no-brainer.
2. Consistency of training : Training and course delivery via an LMS is consistent since it is centralized.
3. It delivers a consistent training and learning quality to all employees by supplying a single source for content, course materials and instructions.

Easily tracks learner progress and performance : LMSs allow the company to easily generate training reports on an overall or user/student level basis. By utilizing an LMS for eLearning courses and/or online training, trainers can easily track goal progress, knowledge gains, ROI and more.

• Meet regulatory compliance : Many industries may be required to train, assess and report for compliance purposes.
• Just a few of these industries are oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, communications, and building and construction.
• An LMS can help you satisfy these legal and regulatory requirements.
• Generally, learning management systems have many more capabilities than these listed.

However, these are the most popular selling points and the top identifiers to whether you and your organization can benefit from an LMS.
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What is management according to student?

Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations – business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose.

According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals”. According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way”.

Management is a purposive activity, It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain pre-determined goals. “Management” is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world.

• Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another.E.g.: For one enterprise it may be launching of new products by conducting market surveys and for other it may be profit maximization by minimizing cost.
• Management involves creating an internal environment: – It is the management which puts into use the various factors of production.

Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to create such conditions which are conducive to maximum efforts so that people are able to perform their task efficiently and effectively. It includes ensuring availability of raw materials, determination of wages and salaries, formulation of rules & regulations etc.

Management as a Process Management as an Activity Management as a Discipline Management as a Group Management as a Science Management as an Art Management as a Profession

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Why is time management important for students academic success at school?

Time management can be very useful in a student’s hectic schedule. It ensures that students are well prepared, organized and focused to manage their daily lives and complete academic assignments on time. It can lead to improved success, however, this is a skill that students have to learn and practice.
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How time management affects students academic performance?

Impact of Time-Management on the Student’s Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Adham Alyami, Abdulrahman Abdulwahed, Abdulrahman Azhar, Abdullah Binsaddik, Saeed M. Bafaraj * Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA,

• DOI: 10.4236/ce.2021.123033 PDF HTML XML 5,155 Downloads 260,749 Views Citations Abstract For students to better manage their curriculum and achieve learning objectives, time management behaviors or skills are argued to improve the positive academic output.
• The aim of the study is to find the impact of time management on the academic performance of students among the diagnostic radiology technology students at KAU.

This study had a cross-sectional survey-based study design. It was conducted among students of diagnostic radiology technology department at King Abdul-Aziz University from Sep,2020 to Feb,2021. For this study, 152 students were targeted among which 142 completed the questionnaire, making the response rate of 93.4%.

Among 142 participants, 75 (52.8%) were females and 52 (36.6%) were in the 2018 batch. Majority of the students i.e., 107 (75.4%) had GPA between 4.5 – 5 in 2020. Whereas, 37.3% agreed or strongly agreed that they manage their time. Here, 69.2% students with 4.5 – 5 GPA strongly agreed that they meet their deadline (p value = 0.005) and 36.7% students with 4 – 4.5 GPA strongly believed that their academic performance decreased due to mis planning (p value = 0.005).

Around 71 (66.3%) students with 4.5 – 5 GPA agreed or strongly agreed to make to do list or calendar (p value 0.047). In conclusion, according to student’s perception, preplanning their studies had been beneficial for their academic performance. However, less than half of the students agreed that they manage their time.

Share and Cite: Alyami, A., Abdulwahed, A., Azhar, A., Binsaddik, A. and Bafaraj, S. (2021) Impact of Time-Management on the Student’s Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Creative Education, 12, 471-485. doi: 10.4236/ce.2021.123033,1. Introduction Throughout the history, there has been great emphasis on the effective and efficient management of time, which has also been considered the key to success (Pugh & Nathwani, 2017; Nasrullah & Khan, 2015),

Frederick Winslow Taylor gave the concept to use time management for analyzing time and motion studies of employees with aim to decrease time wasting and unproductive work (Savino, 2016), In this competitive era, for high performance, the organizations and directors emphasize on searching time management tools (Kumar & Aithal, 2019),

It has also been advised to start practicing time management from the early student life (Valle et al., 2016), Time management has also been defined as a form of self-management with a clear emphasis on time in understanding what activities to do; how to do them more efficiently; in what time it should be done and when is the correct time to the particular activity (Savino, 2016),

It has also been association with low anxiety and greater academic achievement in students (Jenaabadi, Nastiezaie, & Jalalzaei, 2016), Whereas performing goal directed activities with the purpose of using time efficiently defines time management as “behavior” (Aeon & Aguinis, 2017),

1. The time management behavior has three basic surfaces that are: time attitudes, long-range planning and short-range planning (Aeon & Aguinis, 2017),
2. Time attitude is the positive or negative perspective towards the present, future and past time which had been directly linked to academic achievement, especially in scientific subjects (Nieuwoudt, & Brickhill, 2017),

The concept of handling everyday jobs for longer period of time and keeping up with the objectives set for significant dates is called the competence in long range planning. Whereas, planning in the short run for the day to a day activity or planning for tasks within a day or week is short-range planning.

1. For students to better manage their curriculum and achieve learning objectives, these time management behaviors or skills are argued to improve the positive academic output (Razali et al., 2018),
2. There have been many studies that found association between greater academic achievement and effective time management as students acquire strategies that helps them in meeting competing demands (Nadinloyi et al., 2013; Kharadze, Gulua, & Davit, 2017),

The curriculums in higher education institutes are designed in a way that gets to peak and troughs in the workload of student requiring them to manage between their work-life balance, often without the support of institution. The non-cognitive personal behavior i.e., perspective of students regarding time management is also an effective predictor of educational achievement as with poor time management skills it gets difficult for students to plan their studies and which causes them anxiety and agitation at the assessment time which usually takes place at the end of the course (Scherer, Talley, & Fife, 2017),

1. Students have previously linked negative educational results with poor time management which could be partially self-serving bias, however, there have been ample studies that establish this association (Nadinloyi et al., 2013; Kharadze, Gulua, & Davit, 2017),
2. There have been studies conducted on time management and educational achievement in business students (Sayari, Jalagat, & Dalluay, 2017), nursing students (Nayak, 2019), management students (Gupta & Chitkara, 2018), and engineering students (Adams & Blair, 2019),

However, none have been done on radiology students. Previous studies have determined a positive effect of time management. Time management skills have indicated a positive effect on student learning and associated outcomes. A number of studies have identified the positive impact of time management.

Time management skills have been shown to have a positive impact on student learning and student outcomes (Kearns & Gardiner, 2007; Kelly, 2002; McKenzie, Gow, & Schweitzer, 2004) and Krause & Coates (2008) indicated that the ability for successfully managing their time is the benchmark of students in developing better study habits as well as strategies for success.

Time management provides individuals the ways for structuring and controlling their activities (Claessens et al., 2004), In addition, report that the capacity to successfully manage their time is the foundation of students developing good study habits and strategies for success.

Time management offers individuals the means to structure and control their activities (Claessens et al., 2004), In addition, Wang et al. (2011) have revealed that time management is essential beyond the university campus, where the ability to manage one’s free time is revealed to substantially elevates the quality of life of an individual.

Time management is an immense distinction between web-based and formal education administratively and academically. There was the type of learning opportunities in formal education that integrates a clarification of everything (Nieuwoudt & Brickhill, 2017),

Teachers, in this system, are in front of students and they can ask anything regardless of any hesitation or delay. However, distance learning students have no such type of academic environment as compared to formal learners. The presence of physical distance is evidently reported between teacher and student in online learning (Ahmad & Ch, 2017),

Thereby, it is more complex for managing time and gaining high scores in distance education. Web-based students explore and learn online that just integrates incomplete data and the rest is their business for thinking about and examine further. It is an art for managing time and every learner must command and familiar on this skill for the sake of betterment (Broadbent, 2017),

They experience in domestic as well as academic world because of this incompetence. In this regard, majority of learner’s experience issues such as errand vulnerability and repugnance, so they commence for stalling their time administrative skills. This study is based on existentialism philosophy, which is learner centered and offers direction to students about their study.

Learners are self-responsible of their academics as they just seek guidance from their teachers, but take decisions as well as manage all activities themselves. This study is relied on pickle jar theory, which is the modern and relevant theory of time management (Sharma & Would, 2004),

This theory shows that human beings should construct balance among activities and things while integrating time management techniques effectively. The success of students is determined through effective utilization of time at each phase in distance learning institutions and regular system. Therefore, the aim of the study is to find the impact of time management on the academic performance of students among the diagnostic radiology technology students at KAU.

The study objectives also include to find out the effectiveness of the preplanning and the instantaneous planning on academic performance. This research will add self-evaluation to student’s daily habit and plan. Also, it will provide knowledge and recommendation for skills that can assist student for perfect personal strategic plan.

• It will also help to overcome the wrong common rumors statements about time management and will raise awareness about procrastinating behavior of time management and its effect on academic performance among radiology students.2.
• Methods This study had a cross-sectional survey-based study design.
• It was conducted among students of diagnostic radiology technology department at King Abdul-Aziz University.

The study duration was six months from Sep 2020 to Feb 2021. Only the undergraduate students were included in the studies. Post-graduate students and students who had completed their education were excluded. The recommended sample size with 95% confidence level, 200 population size, 50% response distribution, and 5% margin error were calculated to be 132.

All registered undergraduate students were invited for taking part in the study. They were provided a brief overview of the project as well as information about confidentiality and research ethics. A total of 132 students responded by providing informed consent and completing the survey. The participation rate was just over 66% of the overall population.

There might be some bias in the resultant data since the survey was self-developed. The nature of this bias is complex to establish, since the literature might recommend that both students should be responsive to complete this survey who have better time management skills and tend to procrastinate.

• The academic performance of students such as GPA was acquired through the student administration system and departmental documents of the institution.
• Log files were also collected on students’ participation in courses on the virtual learning platform.
• A unique random identifier was allocated to each student that would not show his or her identification to others beyond the research team.

These unique codes enabled the combination of performance data, virtual learning platform files, and questionnaire responses in excel file, which did not comprise of any personally identifiable information. Once collected, such unique codes became irrelevant and were omitted.

• This study was approved by the Research and ethics committee of faculty of applied Medical Science, KAU.
• The questionnaire was a self-designed, and had 22 questions on Likert scale of 1 – 5 where 1 indicated strongly agree and 5 denoted strongly disagree and last question was about the GPA achieved in the last year.

The questionnaire was prepared on the basis of self-management, awareness, management, preferences, and performance domains (Appendix 1). Feedback was taken from research experts and changes were made before implementation. Also, an internal pilot study on 20 students was done before distributing it on the larger sample.

1. The SPSS software version 25.0 was used to analyze the data.
2. The Pearson chi-square test was conducted to find association between the time management and GPA achieved.
3. The alpha coefficient was 0.05 and p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.3.
4. Results Among 142 participants, 75 (52.8%) were females and 67 (47.2%) were males.

Around 52 (36.6%) were in the 2018 batch, 45 (31.7%) were in the 2019 batch and 45 (31.7%) were in the 2020 batch of radiology. Figure 1 represents the GPA of student. Majority of the students i.e., 107 (75.4%) had last year GPA between 4.5 – 5. Table 1 represents the frequency of the answers given by the participants for each question related to time management.

• Around 64.8% disagreed or strongly disagreed that preplanning methods are inefficient, indicating that majority of the students perceive preplanning to be efficient for academic performance.
• Whereas, 37.3% agreed or strongly agreed that they manage their time.
• Majority of the students (92.3%) agreed that they meet their deadlines ( Table 1 ).

Though, 74.6% agree or strongly agree that their time management skills can be approved. Table 2 is showing the relationship between GPA of last year and student perception regarding time management. Here, 36.7% students with 4 – 4.5 GPA strongly believed that their academic performance decreased due to mis planning (p value = 0.005). Figure 1, Percentage of students with various GPAs. Table 1, Frequency of the response related to time management on Likert scale. Table 2, Relationship between student perception and GPA. Table 3, Relationship between behavior for time and GPA of last year. Table 4, Relationship between various factors of time management and GPA.4. Discussion This study aimed to find the impact of time management on the academic performance of students among the diagnostic radiology technology students at KAU. There were more female students that answered the questionnaire.

According to student’s perception, preplanning their studies had been beneficial for their academic performance. However, less than half of the students agreed that they manage their time, which could be due to various reasons. In this study students agreed that insufficient sleep pattern makes their feel lazy and they are unable to manage time.

Furthermore, majority also believed that the last year had been challenging (due to covid-19 pandemic) and affected their time (and online learning). Previous study on undergraduate nursing students also found that decreasing procrastination and increasing time management will help the students to have better academic performance, less anxiety and will be better prepared for working in hospital (Romero-Blanco et al., 2020),

1. Similar to the results of this stud, previous study Romero-Blanco et al.
2. 2020) also posited that during previous year of covid-19 pandemic, sleep pattern among students has been affected.
3. Elagra et al.
4. 2016) suggest that decrease in quality sleep also decreases the academic performance in the students.

The students with positive attitude and who claimed to manage time and meet their deadlines were also had high academic grades. Whereas, short-term and long-term time management were not associated with the high GPA. Contrast to it, previous study had resulted time management behavior such as short range and long-range management to be effective (Ganguly, Kulkarni, & Gupta, 2017),

However, those studies are old and suggested effect in mature female students only. Therefore, a longitudinal study is required to observe the relationship between time management behavior and academic achievement for a definite relationship. Among the high GPA holders, majority of them agreed to make a diary, to-do list or put important dates on the calendar.

It might be due to the established relationship between maintaining a task list with effective time management (Caligor, 2017), However, according to recent study (Evans, 2017), it is important to digitalize this to-do list or task list for better accessibility, timely reminders and collaborations.

1. This study is limited based on its design being a cross-sectional survey which is a snapshot of a situation.
2. Therefore, for better management, it is important to have a longitudinal prospective study with long term follow up throughout the academic years to further analyze the relationship.
3. It is also recommended for students to maintain their sleeping pattern for better time management.

Furthermore, as a to-do list or making task list on calendar has been a positive factor in time management and academic achievement, it is recommended to use digitalized to-do lists for better performance. In conclusion, according to student’s perception, preplanning their studies had been beneficial for their academic performance.

• However, less than half of the students agreed that they manage their time.
• No relationship was found between short range and long-range time management behavior on academic achievement.
• This study recommends better sleeping pattern and making of to-do list among students for better time management, which could lead to high academic achievement.

Acknowledgements The author is very thankful to all the associated personnel and departments in any reference that contributed in/for the purpose of this research. Funding Sources No financial support was received for this study. Ethical Considerations This study has been reviewed and approved by the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University.
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How does poor time management affect students?

Time is our most precious resource. Most people feel that they either have too much or too little time on their hands. Many college students report feeling that they do not have the time-management strategies they need to be successful. At CSP, we want our students to make conscious choices about their time that allow them to both meet academic expectations and set aside time for other meaningful activities.

Balance in college is key, and balance cannot be achieved without the ability to effectively manage one’s time. Due to poor time-management skills, psychologist and author Dr. William Knaus estimates that 90% of college students procrastinate regularly when it comes to their work. He asserts that 25% of these students go on to become chronic procrastinators who are likely to drop out of college.

According to a 2015 Student Engagement Insights survey by Cengage:

53% of college students claim to struggle more with time management in college than in high school. 78% of students claim to struggle with time management throughout their college experience, with an additional 9% claiming to “always” struggle with this. 80% of college professors believe their students struggle with time-management “most” of the time.

The most common effects of poor time-management skills amongst college students include: lack of sleep, declining academic performance, chronic procrastination, poor diet, and an increased risk of dropping out. Students end up being late to class, rushing through assignments, and producing lower-quality work.
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What is the most important key to successful classroom management?

Establish Relationships – Get to know your students, their families, and establish a relationship with all of them. This is the most important facet of classroom management because everything will go smoothly when this foundation is established. There is a quote that resonates in all classrooms by John C.

1. Maxwell, “Students do not care how much you know until they know how much you care.” Communication is imperative with students and their families,
2. For elementary classrooms, teachers should get contact information from their students’ families before school starts to establish effective communication at the beginning of the school year.

A few examples of effective ways to communicate are setting up a classroom Facebook page or Remind. Sending home letters or paper copies is becoming less popular for various reasons, and electronic communication seems to be more successful.
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What is the key to successful classroom management?

ERIC Number: ED489330 Record Type: Non-Journal Publication Date: 2006-Jan Pages: 148 Abstractor: ERIC ISBN: ISBN-978-1-5788-6302-0 ISSN: N/A EISSN: N/A Effective Classroom Management: Six Keys to Success Bradley, Dianne F.; Pauley, Judith Ann; Pauley, Joseph F.

1. Rowman & Littlefield Education For many years educational experts have extolled the benefits of a positive student-teacher relationship.
2. Personal connections between teachers and students can be the key motivator in student interest and achievement in school.
3. Yet teachers have little knowledge about how to establish the relationships that can instill in their students a desire to learn and an incentive to minimize negative behaviors in the classroom.

This book holds the keys to forming those relationships that teachers need to motivate and successfully communicate with every student. The six keys identified to successful classroom management based on the concepts of the Process Communication Model are: (1) Know Yourself; (2) Know Your Students; (3) Examine Current Strategies; (4) Motivate by Type; (5) Develop Intervention Strategies; and (6) Create a Multifaceted Environment.

The authors offer teachers unique and easy-to-implement strategies for managing their classrooms and their students. This book helps teachers maximize student potential through knowing their personality types and designing management strategies and instruction that correspond to each type. Effective Classroom Management contains true success stories from real teachers who have experienced barriers in reaching difficult students.

Chapters are also provided on individualizing for success, dealing with acute negative behaviors, and preparing students for standards and assessments. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 4501 Forbes Blvd., Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706. Tel: 800-462-6420 (Toll Free).
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Is the classroom management important?

Why is classroom management important? – Classroom management is important because it directly effects your students ability to learn and your ability to teach. It impacts a teacher’s ability to be effective and actually ENJOY teaching. Most importantly, a well managed classroom highly impacts students’ academic success.
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What are the 3 important factors of time management?

“Do you ever find yourself feeling completely overwhelmed when you think of all the things you have to do, or find that you just can´t seem to get on top of all the work? – When you want to improve your time-management skills, there are many areas to look at.You can begin by understanding how you use the time you have.
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What is the most important aspect of successful time management?

Goal-setting. Setting goals is the first step to becoming a good time manager. Goal-setting allows you to clearly understand your end goal and what exactly you need to prioritize to accomplish it. Setting both short and long-term goals can lead to success in your career.
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Grady A. Lowry