Education Portal for Students in India

Free CUET/DU General Knowledge Mock Test 10 Questions 50 Marks 7 Mins To understand an abstract concept like education, one is required to explicate its meaning or nature from the point of view of the functions such concepts perform or the contexts in which such concepts are appropriately used.

Etymologically, the word “Education” is derived from the Latin words “educare”, “educere” and “educantum”.

Important Points The nature of education may be enumerated as under:

Education is both unipolar as well as bipolar in nature. According to John Adams education has two aspects: the Teacher and the Child hence it is bipolar in nature. John Adams opines that education is a bipolar process because there is a constant interaction between the teacher and the taught or educator and educand. John Dewey, defined, education as a tripolar process. The Tripolar process of education considers that the development of the child takes place in and through the society, in which the teacher and the child live together. Thus, it is society that will determine the aims, contents, and methods of teaching. In this way, the process of education contains three poles, namely-(1) The Teacher, (2) The child, and (3) The society. The tripolar process of education is a systematic and continuous process. It takes place throughout life and no matter at what stage is a child or the learner is, education can take place and it affects his/her growth accordingly through a systematic institution and regulation.

Hence, it is clear that John Adams opines that education is a bipolar process because there is a constant interaction between the teacher and the taught or educator and educand. Last updated on Sep 27, 2022 The NTA (National Testing Agency) has released the CUET Phase VI Admit Card.

The exam will be conducted at 489 examination centres across India. As per the notice, the exam is scheduled to be conducted on 24th August, 25th August, and 26th August 2022. Candidates can download their admit cards by filling in the application number, date of birth, and security pin. The CUET (Central Universities Entrance Test) is a common exam that is conducted by NTA for UG admissions into all the central and many other universities of India.

Check out the CUET Answer Key Details Here.
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Is education is a bipolar process discuss with example?

Education as a Bipolar Process: – Education was considered in the past as a uni-polar process. Adams in his Book ‘Evolution of Education Theory’ said that education is a Bi-polar process in which one personality acts upon another to modify the development of other personality. According to Adams, the bipolar education has two poles. At the one end is the teacher and at the other end is the child. Both are equally important in the process of education. If the teacher gives, the child receives. If the teacher instructs, the child follows.

Thus, in the process of education, there is an interaction between the teacher and child. The teacher tries to mould and modify the behaviour of the child so that the latter develops his personality to the full. With the active cooperation of the teacher and child, the process of education goes on smoothly and efficiently.

The bipolarity of the educational process ceases to exist when the educator and the educand both become one and the same person. It also happens when the educand feels the drive to educate himself when he tries to modify his own nature, develop his own will and purpose, build his own character, acquires knowledge and skills by his own efforts.
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What is the meaning of bipolar process?

Overview – Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities.

1. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (less extreme than mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy or unusually irritable.
2. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior and the ability to think clearly.
3. Episodes of mood swings may occur rarely or multiple times a year.

While most people will experience some emotional symptoms between episodes, some may not experience any. Although bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, you can manage your mood swings and other symptoms by following a treatment plan. In most cases, bipolar disorder is treated with medications and psychological counseling (psychotherapy).
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Why education is considered as a three dimensional process?

The modern concept of education includes the social setting in which the educator and educand interact. Education involves an interaction between the educator, educand and the social environment. Therefore, it is said to be that education is tripolar.
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Why education is a multipolar process?

Multipolar education: The education process depends on multiple factors. success of education depends on way of training of a child in school, home and society.
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Why education is considered as a process?

The Parts Of The System – ; teaching is an action; learning is a process. As such, education requires a self-aware and self-correcting set of processes that respond to changes circumstances at every level—culture, literacy, curriculum, assessment, instruction, and so on.

When bullying becomes a pastime. When kids can access libraries on their phones but don’t because the way they live doesn’t demand it. When technology affords access to digital communities that can make all the difference. Where are education’s correcting factors? New standards and standardized test forms every decade? Pay-for-test-performance? ‘Data’? Education is in the habit of changing for political and imagery and spectacle when it should inherently bleach politics altogether.

The result of any system of education should be full transparency so that it offers itself up selflessly to the people and communities it serves. And teaching? It requires human beings who can model the kind of humility and struggle and self-delete that is so often not sustainable for the teachers themselves.

• As for the students, it requires an awkward and ironic vulnerability on the part of the learner that makes railing against privilege and imbalance all but impossible until they get to college and see what comes at the end of the conveyor belt and get disillusioned fast.
• But those are just the pieces.

As a whole, more than anything else, education requires citizenship and democracy—people contributing to and caring for the communities they depend on, and then being accountable for the health of those communities through a shared struggle and affection for one another.
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What does education as a process means?

Education is a process that happens at both the individual level of each human being and the global level of total humanity, which never ceases to participate in the educational process. Education is a social and historical category; no society has failed to have an educational system.
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What are the two poles of education in bipolar process?

As described by the bi-polar process of education, there are two poles influencing each other according to Sir John Adam. They include the educator and the educand.
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What is bipolar and tripolar process of education explain?

According to bipolar nature, education has two aspects: the Teacher and the Child. The Tripolar process of education considers that the development of the child takes place in and through the society, in which the teacher and the child live together.
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Is education a unipolar process?

Education as a Tri-Polar Process Adams in his book ‘ Evolution of Education Theory’ said that education is a bipolar process in which one personality acts upon another to modify the development of other personality. It considers that the in the process of education two persons are involved.

The one is the educator and the other is the educand. It proposes that the teacher seeks the modification of the development not only through imparting knowledge and skills, but also through her direct influence on the child’s personality. The bipolarity of the educational process ceases to exist when the educator and the educand both become one and the same person.

It so happens when the educand feels a drive to educate himself, when he tries to modify his own nature, develop his own will and purpose, build his own character, acquires knowledge and skills by his own efforts. In that case, education becomes unipolar.

1. It is then when educational process achieves the main ideal.
2. Self-ex-pression, self-motivation, self-improvement and self-control become the key words and bipolarity ceases to exist.The educational process not only has a psychological side involving the educator and the educand, it has the sociological aspect too.

The educand has to live in and for the society he belongs to. True education comes through the stimulation of the educand’s endowments by the demands of the social situation in which he/she finds them. The educator is requires to stimulate the educand’s power in the total social setting.

• Thus, the social aspect of the educational process becomes more important than the psychological aspect.
• Hence, educational process is tri-polar in nature as it involves the interaction between the two of the three namely the social factors, the educator and the educand.
• The function of the educator becomes then the modification of the personality of the educand in the light of the needs of the society.

In this sense, John Dewey holds, education is a tri-polar process and not bipolar one. Relationship between School and Society School and society are interdependent. Education is an activity that goes in the society and its aims and methods depend on the nature of the society in which it takes place.

• As is the society, so is the school’.
• The school functions according to the needs and cultural backgrounds of the society and modifies the society by providing leaders and reformers.
• Role of School in Society The society establishes school to provide education to its members.
• School should act as a social agency and an agency of social control.1.

School is an institution that fulfills the needs of the society. School transmits the cultural heritage to the younger generations. The school moulds the innate capacities of the child, so as to fit in the society. It makes the individual social animal.

The school provides better understanding for interpersonal and inter-group relationship.2. School is a miniature society. School reflects all qualities of the society. By attending the school, a child learns how to accustom with the society. Individual should develop according to the needs of the society.

“School must become child’s habitat to be a miniature society.”3. Goals and methods are decided by the society. Society is dynamic. It grows and changes and as such these social changes must not only be reflected in education but also must effect it. The goals and aims are decided according to the nature of the society.

1. The goals of the totalitarian society differs from that of democratic society, individual is as important as the society.
2. Flexibility and diversity is the main feature in democratic society.4.
3. School should seek the co-operation of the society.
4. School should take two-way traffic activities.
5. It should educate not only the children, but it should throw open its doors to the members of the society also.

By providing books, by eradicating literacy in adults, the school should enter into depths of the society. Flexibility and diversity is the main feature in democratic society.5. School provides leader and reformers. By providing good leaders and reformers, school leads the society towards the social change.

It prepares the members of the society to accept the change. It changes traditional society into transformational society.6. School transmits culture with necessary changes. Culture changes from generation to generation with the influence of other cultures. Moreover, there may be traditional dogmas and orthodox superstitions beliefs in the existing culture.

School considers the above things and transmits the modified culture to the younger generations. Thus, schools established by society remodels the future society so as to fit in the ever changing world.Schools have a big role in strengthening the society and its members.

Schools must be able to cater to the present needs of the society. It is a most powerful instrument of social change. But, unfortunately, today many schools are participating in the race of competition and have become profit/business oriented. The very foundation of the schools has become weak. Today, schools are working as manufacturing plants by producing a good earner, rather than working on ethics and morality issues.

Students have been motivated to become multitalented in the race of globalization and less priority has been given to the development of moral and social values among them. Schools are the main agent of social change that can eliminate various social evils and problems.
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Why is education called dynamic process?

Education is a dynamic process: Education is not a static but a dynamic process which develops the child according to changing situations and times. It always induces the individual towards progress. It reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and place of the society.
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What are dimensions of process of education?

Who dares to teach must never cease to learn. ~John Cotton Dana Our world today is very different from the dawn of the industrial world where school systems were created, so the way we prepare students for their unknown future should be changed. Well-rounded contemporary education aims for students (and teachers) to achieve (and improve) the global competencies that are to:

examine the world, including local and intercultural issues understand and appreciate diverse perspectives effectively communicate ideas and interact respectfully with others take responsible action toward sustainability and collective well-being

Today information is available everywhere – hand held devices, computers, books – and in various forms – text, sounds, images, movies, infographs, social media, and more. This means the teacher cannot be seen as the sole source of information, but we must become the facilitators of students’ individual learning.

We will guide their learning process and provide support for making good choices about how to use all the information we have. Changing the teaching profession to support individual learning process instead of just delivering information must also change the way we think about teacher training and professional development.

Just like their students, teachers have diverse needs for their learning and professional development, and are entitled to their own learner-centered training experiences. Only by strengthening teachers’ learning process we can truly improve their professional competence and ultimately the learning experiences pupils will have. All training and professional development (PD) should include the three dimensions of teachers’ professional competency: teaching and i nstruction, pedagogical knowledge and global reflection, All three dimensions are important and contribute to the teaching-learning situations.

The colour in the thirds deepens with layers of professionalism, produced by the teachers’ ongoing learning process. You probably notice how the third part, global reflection, seems to be drifting apart from the two others? That is unfortunately happening too often in training and PD. But excluding global reflection makes it significantly harder for teachers to achieve excellent learning facilitation skills and thrive in their profession.

In Teacher’s Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) the global reflection includes Evaluation and diagnosis procedures and Data & Research literacy. But I think it really is a broader concept including the global competencies! Too often teacher PD stays on the first dimension – the practical and concrete classroom practice to deliver lessons.

Teaching and instruction trainings and PD sessions talk about the curricula or ready assessments without supporting teachers’ thinking about the pedagogical choices that would be best for their students. How would you incorporate the global competencies into the classroom experience, if everything is designed fro a standard population and scripted by someone else? And how do you think students will learn to investigate the world, recognize diverse perspectives, communicate effectively and take action to improve things if they are not active participants in their own learning? It they are just presented the curriculum? If they just arrive to school to be instructed and assessed instead of engaging in their own learning with the curiosity they have towards the world? The underlying instructional philosophies and curricular choices are very important for effective learning experiences! The global competencies are not compatible with the basic behaviorist one-size-fits-all education.

We must dig deeper into teachers’ learning! Pedagogical knowledge is the middle dimension of teachers’ learning process, which means it needs to be visited and revisited all the time in order to tie the rapid instructional decisions to the theoretical background we have about teaching, learning and understanding.

1. According to this infograph at TeachThought blog teachers make 1500 educational decisions each day,
2. Solid pedagogical knowledge helps us as teachers to become aware about our own choices in classroom practices.
3. With solid knowledge of how learning happens and how it can best be supported we are taking a huge leap towards making learning personal and enabling students to become accountable for their own learning.

No classroom or group of students is identical to another, so no practices should be adopted without thinking how well they fit into this particular class or group. The third dimension of professional learning – global reflection – combined with the pedagogical knowledge helps teachers to decide what strategies are the best fit in the classroom.

For educators it is really important to think about the question “why?”. Teaching dispositions, values and philosophy belong to global reflection, as well as didactic design, even though it is terminology used mostly in Scandinavia. This third dimension in teachers’ learning process and professionalism is s the big picture of teaching and learning, and how different learning theories become alive in our classroom.

We only see what we are ready to perceive, which is why we must have solid knowledge of educational research and know how to use assessment as learning and assessment for learning in addition to assesment of learning. Awareness is the first step in everything.

Changing between the big picture and details helps us analyse teaching and learning, because it relates to the ability of taking different viewpoints to the same issue and trying to see what others see. For teachers this is essential, so that they can offer information in student-sized chunks and relate it to students’ previous knowledge, and thus support students’ learning process.

The three dimensions of teachers’ learning process (concrete instruction, pedagogical knowledge and values/research behind it) are present in all teaching-learning situations. They can be visible in the choices and interactions, or veiled in hidden expectations,

1. I want to encourage all teachers and instructors to engage in value discussions and joint reflection with colleagues and students to strengthen their own professional competence.
2. PD is very insufficient for us teachers to be effective in our profession, because it most often is that one-size-fits-all training.

Please be proactive and create a PLC (Professional Learning Community) with your colleagues to deepen your own competencies in all three dimensions of teachers’ learning process! Tags: Learning Process, pedagogy, student centered
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Why is education a complicated process answer?

Explanation: Learning is a complex process. It is personal to each child and is the process of making sense of and using new information and experiences. Children do this when they make connections between the experiences and knowledge they already have and new information they encounter.
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How education is a two way process?

Two-way learning Two-way learning connects people from different cultures and backgrounds and enables them to learn with and from one another.
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What are the three process of education?

What are the 3 Types of Education – Education refers to the development of the learning and thinking process. It goes beyond the four walls of the classroom. It is all about gaining experience and therefore we can divide education into three main types:

• Formal Education
• Informal Education
• Non-formal Education

All three types of education are explained in this section below.

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   How education is considered as lifelong process?

   One of the main challenges of living in an increasingly technological and integrated society is to adapt to the changes while being attentive to the great and accelerated flow of information we receive. Therefore, lifelong learning is an important and continuous process of understanding education and training.

   This concept considers learning as an activity beyond the limits of formal school systems (from basic education to post-graduation). In lifelong learning, acquiring knowledge and abilities is a process that occurs throughout life. Lifelong learning refers not only to a way of thinking about education in the 21st century, but also to the corporate environment, functioning as a strategy of professional training.

   Want to know more about this process and how to include it in your life? Come along with us!
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   Who said education is a process?

   I believe that education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living. John Dewey, 1897 In this post we will make the case that public education, which should NOT be privatized (as developed in the last post ), should be rooted in progressive ideals that form the foundation of American democracy. Wordle for this post on progressive education Indeed, John Dewey said more than a 100 years ago that education is a process of living, and not a preparation for the future living. Yet, now, in the year 2012, education goals are almost purely based on “preparing” students for a global economy, and with the skills that will enable them to be “workers” in this economy.

   • If you don’t believe me, here is the explanation for why America needs a new set of science standards.
   • It comes from the Achieve website Next Generation Science Standards,
   • The authors of the site write : In 2007, a Carnegie Foundation commission of distinguished researchers and public and private leaders concluded that “the nation’s capacity to innovate for economic growth and the ability of American workers to thrive in the modern workforce depend on a broad foundation of math and science learning, as do our hopes for preserving a vibrant democracy and the promise of social mobility that lie at the heart of the American dream” ( Carnegie Corporation ).

   However, the U.S. system of science and mathematics education is performing far below par and, if left unattended, will leave millions of young Americans unprepared to succeed in a global economy.

   Reduction of the United States’ competitive economic edge Lagging achievement of U.S. students Essential preparation for all careers in the modern workforce Scientific and technological literacy for an educated society

   Education for all is predicated on the unknown skills and abilities that will be needed in the future. In fact, we have a long history of basing K-12 education on what we think students will need to be worker bees once they are adults. Because of this kind of thinking, we developed an education system based not on the lived experiences and present life of students, but on something adults think they should become.

   We need to think about education using another framework than the conservative (Republicans and Democrats, by the way) framework upon which contemporary education is based. The above quote is at the heart of the conservative framework. In order to make America more competitive, and have the right preparation for future “unknown” professions we accept experts’ opinions on what content should be learned by all students.

   Then we design tests that will measure whether students have learned this content. Using primarily bubble-in type questions, we claim that we can measure student achievement. Presumably, if achievement scores soar, so will our competitive edge, the stock market, the Gross Domestic Product, and overall literacy of society.

   It sounds “really” good, doesn’t it. Who could argue with such logic. Increase those test scores, at any cost, and by George, we are home free–robust economy, smart workers, more tax revenue, and on and on. The problem is that this argument is not supported in research on economic growth, job preparation, or whether a nation is ready, able, and competitive.

   Come on, your saying. How can this be? Economic competitiveness is not dependent on a singular and very simple variable as student achievement scores. When the economy tanked in 2007, academic scores of American students were continuing to rise (as they have for years).

   • The economy went into free fall because of the moral and ethical behavior of adults, nearly all with college degrees, some, indeed with MBAs, and PHDs.
   • Iris Rotberg concludes that continuing to use student test scores is not a valid argument to understand a nation’s competitiveness.
   • A nation’s competitiveness is too complicated, and affected more so by other variables as identified above.

   Rotberg explains as follows: Other variables, such as outsourcing to gain access to lower-wage employees, the climate and incentives for innovation, tax rates, health-care and retirement costs, the extent of government subsidies or partnerships, protectionism, intellectual-property enforcement, natural resources, and exchange rates overwhelm mathematics and science scores in predicting economic competitiveness.

   This is a very important conclusion. Students are being held accountable for how well they do on a test that supposedly measures the content knowledge that experts think they will need to make them and nation competitive, YET, the research does not support this as shown here, here and here, Alternative to the Conservative and Dominant View of Education Education needs to be public and local, and not privatized and national.

   Education should be a process of living, as Dewey said, and not a preparation for future living. The alternative to the conservative view is in George Lakoff’s theory of the “nation-as-family” conceptual metaphor. In Lakoff’s research he has shown that this conceptual metaphor produces two very different models of families: a “strict father” family and a “nurturing parent” family.

   1. In his view this creates two fundamentally different ideologies about how the nation should be governed.
   2. I am suggesting that these two views can teach us about how education in America should be organized and “governed.” The “strict father family” is the conservative view, and the “nurturant parent family” is the progressive view.

   In his book, Thinking Points, Lakoff identifies the following as characteristics of the Nurturant Parent Family:

   A family of preferably two parents, but perhaps only one The parents share household responsibilities (Egalitarian) Open, two-way, mutually respectful communication is crucial Protection is a form of caring, and protection from external dangers takes a significant part of the parents attention The principle goal of nurturance is for children to be fulfilled and happy in their lives When children are respected, nurtured, and communicated with from birth, they gradually enter into a lifetime relationship of mutual respect, communication, and caring for their parents.

   In the progressive family, boundaries are set but in the context of building a caring environment with emphasis on building strong, open relationships. According to Lakoff, children develop best through positive relationships with others. Lakoff says that in this context, however, the parent (or teacher) can be authoritative but not authoritarian,

   There are added values that emerge from the nurturing parent family and these include, protection, fulfillment in life, freedom, opportunity, fairness, equality, prosperity, and community. There is a direct connection between the nation-as-family conceptual metaphor and the nurturing family which leads to key principles that emerge from progressive values.

   These will be fundamental not only in politics, but in education as well. From Lakoff’s theory of nation-as-family conceptual metaphor, these four principles establish the context for progressive morality. Here are summarized from Lakoff, George (2006-10-03).

   The Common Good Principle –Citizens bring together their common wealth to build infrastructures that benefit all, and contributes to individual goals. The Expansion of Freedom Principle –Progressives demand the expansion of fundamental forms of freedom, including voting rights, worker’s rights, public education, public health, civil rights. The Human Dignity Principle –Empathy requires the recognition of basic human dignity and responsibility requires us to act to uphold it. The Diversity Principle –Empathy involves identifying with and connecting socially and emotionally with all people regardless of race, religion, sexual orientation. Ethic of diversity in our communities, schools, workplaces.

   The progressive view of education based on Lakoff’s theory lead to a school environment that is rooted locally, and for all practical purposes is child-centered, and not content centered. Although I am using Lagoff’s ideas to support the progressive view of eduction, progressive education has a long and storied history in American education.

   Progressive education provided an alternative approach to traditional school. It emerged at the end of the 19th Century and reached its peak in the 1930s. Influenced by the writings of John Dewey, and other theorists, progressivism promoted the idea that students should be encouraged to be creative and independent thinkers allowed to act upon their interests.

   Progressive educational programs were learner-centered, and encouraged intellectual participation in all spheres of life. Dewey suggested that the Progressive Education Movement appealed to many educators because it was more closely aligned with America’s democratic ideals.

   Dewey put it this way: One may safely assume, I suppose, that one thing which has recommended the progressive movement is that it seems more in accord with the democratic ideal to which our people is committed than do the procedures of the traditional school, since the latter have so much of the autocratic about them.

   Another thing which has contributed to its favorable reception is that its methods are humane in comparison with the harshness so often attending the policies of the traditional school. (John Dewey. Experience and Education. New York: Collier Books, 1938).

   1. Pp.33-34.) Dewey’s analysis highlights the difference between the progressive and the conservative views of education, and compare with the analysis by George Lakoff.
   2. In 1896, the laboratory school of the University of Chicago opened it doors under the directorship of Professor John Dewey.
   3. It is still open.

   Dewey’s idea was to create an environment for social and pedagogical experimentation. The school was learner-centered, and the curriculum was organized as an interdisciplinary approach to education. Teachers designed activities based on a theory of growth stages, and the activities engaged students in self-development and mutual respect.

   1. Dewey advocated the idea that thinking was an active process involving experimentation and problem solving.
   2. He also espoused the idea that the school had a political role as an instrument for social change.
   3. Two aspects of the Progressive Education Movement that impacted all of education were the movement’s notion of the child-centered curriculum, and the project method,

   Both of these ideas exist today, and have been given different degrees of emphasis. For example, in the late 1960s and 1970s, the child-centered curriculum was represented in the Humanistic Education movement (sometimes known as affective education). The humanistic ideas of the present day were similar to the progressive ideals of the 1930s.

   The child or student-centered approach is a major paradigm implying beliefs about the nature of learning, the goals of education, and the organization of the curriculum. Emphasis on student-centeredness has waxed and waned historically as educators evaluated its merits on the ” Back to Basics ” and ” Structure of the (subject matter) Disciplines ” paradigms.

   A Couple of Ideas to Think About The progressive education movement represents the earliest efforts to advocate a student-interest-centered instruction. John Dewey in particular wrote extensively of his work in the Chicago school to reconcile the dualism between traditional and progressive education.

   1. Teachers still find writings of Dewey to be relevant to current reform efforts and practical dilemmas of teaching.
   2. Among hundreds of publications by Dewey, some classical works to consider include How We Think (1910), Democracy and Education (1916), Experience and Education (1938).
   3. In these you can find Dewey’s perspective on reflective thinking, learning as growth, and the theory of educative experience.) Student-centered education does NOT mean the end of standards, but it begins with the notion that standards will be locally selected by professional educators who know best the foundations upon which their profession rests, but also understand child development and cognitive science to make the decisions that any other professional would make such as medical doctors and lawyers.

   Professional teaching standards are much more important in the progressive education movement because great responsibility for curriculum, instruction and assessment rests with the teacher, and local school (district). The progressive education movement sparked the development of a number of experimental schools, which embodied the philosophy of the progressive educators.

   1. Teaching in the progressive schools was an opportunity to involve students directly with nature, hands-on experiences with real phenomena, and to relate learning to not only the emotional and physical well-being of the child, but to the curriculum as a whole.
   2. There is rich literature on this movement describing innovative child-centered programs such as Dewey’s Schools of To-Morrow, the Gary (Indiana) plan, and The Parker School (Cremin, The Transformation of the School ).

   The progressive view of education rests on the shoulders of teachers, not experts who live in ivory tower settings, or on the boards of corporate and ideologically based think tanks. The progressive teacher is an educator that Lakoff would describe as having an educational philosophy similar to progressive political world-view.

   The progressive teacher is seen as the authority in the classroom, but does not act on authoritarian principles. In a classroom led by a progressive teacher, the teacher is a nurturing parent. Students in the progressive classroom are analogous to children in a nurturing family, and they would be respected, nurtured, and encouraged to communicate with peers and the teacher from day one.

   The classroom would be viewed as a community of learners, as the family is seen as a community. The progressive teacher’s beliefs about teaching are formulated by many factors, but two that stand out are empathy and responsibility. The progressive teacher would be a highly qualified and certified professional who not only has a strong background in content and pedagogy, but has a range of experiences with youth enabling them to understand students and treat people through the eyes of progressive morality.

   Why is our state and district willing to accept a top-down authoritarian set of standards that weren’t developed with our students’ interests or aspirations in mind? Do you know what the research tells us about the ineffectiveness of using high-stakes tests on students achievement? Why does the state department of education have so much authoritative power over the inner workings of every school district in the state? Why aren’t educators involved in the development of curriculum based on the lived experiences of students, and the interests that students might have for getting involved in real work?

   The progressive view of education is not a method, but more of a philosophy and way of seeing the world of education in the service of children and youth. What is your view on this statement?: Education is a Process of Living and Not a Preparation for Future Living This blog post has been shared by permission from the author.
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   How is education considered as a process and product?

   Therefore, Education as a process is defined as the learning process or acquisition of skills, knowledge, values that involves discussions, learning, training in a disciplinary program. While the outcome of the learning program is known to be as the product of education.
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   Who said that education is a process which brings about changes in the behavior of the society?

   Education: An Agent of Social Change Education plays an important role in molding the structure of a society. The role of education as an agent of social change is widely recognized. The socialization of the young generation and maintenance of proper social order is among one of the main functions of education.

   1. It not only acts as a mean to bring about social changes in a society, but also to excel the rate of such changes.
   2. Change is the law of nature.
   3. The rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization results in change in social setups, social institutions as well as social patterns of human life.
   4. As such the existing social standards, social institutions and social norms fail to meet human needs.

   Therefore there arises a need for change in such social elements. Such change will encourage growth and development in the society. The ancient Greek philosopher Harecletes has said that we cant dive in the same water of the river twice, because by the time we come out of the river after diving the water would have moved forward with its flow.

   • We can’t predict,what will happen in the next moment,
   • So, there is no reason to escape from change, rather we have to prepare ourselves to survive in the changing scenario.
   • Social change may take place in different forms viz, economic change, political change, religious change, scientific and technological change, legal change, moral change etc.

   It is a continuous process, where one change is followed by the another. It is also temporary in nature as it denotes innovation of new things and modification and renovation of existing things. Education is considered as a major agency of socialization.

   No social change can take place without education. It initiates social change by bringing about a change in the outlook and attitude and patterns of social relationships of an individual. That is why David Emile Durkhrim- A French sociologist, conceives of education as,”The socialization of younger generation” The above words of Durkhim clearly indicate that education is an important factor of socialization i.e, social change.

   Education plays that role by imparting knowledge about science & Technology, new social patterns, social institutions, modernization and other specialized branches of knowledge. Remarkable changes are brought by education in the different aspects of an individual’s life and an individual is prepared to participate in different social works and activities; so as to make his contribution for the progress and development of the society.

   • The relationship between education and society is thus mutual i.e, either education influences changes in society or society in education.
   • But in both the cases education has a role to play.
   • We may say education is a creation of social change and it influences social change.
   • In the words of Francis j Brown,”Education is a process which brings about changes in the behavior of the society.” It clearly shows the relationship between education and social changes; also indicates that the end result of education process is social change.

   Apart from his its an instrument and a condition of social change. Education acts as a medium through which the knowledge pertaining to various social changes is imparted. It also creates awareness among the masses regarding the cause and effect of various social changes from time to time.

   Which helps to build a positive attitude among the people towards a change and to finally assist them to adopt the change. That is why many sociologists have termed education as an instrument of social reconstruction and modernization, which plays a vital role in social change through transformation of knowledge, attitudes & values of the people and will bring about standard changes in the society.

   Education plays an important role in analyzing a change that takes place in the society. As it provides knowledge to the people regarding the nature and form of change, the society can therefore decide about the adaptation of a change. In the absence of education they may not be able to know about what is good or bad pertaining to a change and will adopt without analyzing pros and corns of each change.

   1. During British period people opposed English literature and English Language, it is education that makes these people conscious towards such positive changes and make them realize them that English language is the gateway of development and a key to external world.
   2. Education is such a powerful; weapon which helps in the development of modern thoughts.

   It modernizes the attitudes, aspirations and outlook of individuals to a great extend and helps in eradication of social evils like caste system, untouchability, dowry system etc. In this way the social patterns of the people changes. There is no discrimination of caste, colour or creed when we travel in a passernger bus.

   By bringing such changes in the society, education helps in promotion of equality and integration. In other words education removes social evils and stabilizes democratic values like equality, integrity, freedom etc. Education brings about the changes in the customs, traditions, social & political institutions.

   It makes these institutions capable of addressing the current needs of the society. The obsolete customs and blind traditions are replaced by modern thoughts. Social evils like female infanticide are eradicated from the society by educating people though public awareness programs with the help of electronic and print media.

   As a result there is a remarkable decline in such cases. Nelson Mandela, a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and a philanthropist, who served as president of South Africa; During an address at the Planetarium Johannesburg, South Africa said,” Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Education thus plays a predominant role in bringing about social changes.

   We may say it is a passport to social change. Without education the knowledge of social changes can’t be gathered and will thus hamper the process of social change. That means changes are always initiated through education by one way or the other. The writer is a student of M.Ed at IASE Srinagar and can be mailed at
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   Is education a unipolar process?

   Education as a Tri-Polar Process Adams in his book ‘ Evolution of Education Theory’ said that education is a bipolar process in which one personality acts upon another to modify the development of other personality. It considers that the in the process of education two persons are involved.

   • The one is the educator and the other is the educand.
   • It proposes that the teacher seeks the modification of the development not only through imparting knowledge and skills, but also through her direct influence on the child’s personality.
   • The bipolarity of the educational process ceases to exist when the educator and the educand both become one and the same person.

   It so happens when the educand feels a drive to educate himself, when he tries to modify his own nature, develop his own will and purpose, build his own character, acquires knowledge and skills by his own efforts. In that case, education becomes unipolar.

   1. It is then when educational process achieves the main ideal.
   2. Self-ex-pression, self-motivation, self-improvement and self-control become the key words and bipolarity ceases to exist.The educational process not only has a psychological side involving the educator and the educand, it has the sociological aspect too.

   The educand has to live in and for the society he belongs to. True education comes through the stimulation of the educand’s endowments by the demands of the social situation in which he/she finds them. The educator is requires to stimulate the educand’s power in the total social setting.

   Thus, the social aspect of the educational process becomes more important than the psychological aspect. Hence, educational process is tri-polar in nature as it involves the interaction between the two of the three namely the social factors, the educator and the educand. The function of the educator becomes then the modification of the personality of the educand in the light of the needs of the society.

   In this sense, John Dewey holds, education is a tri-polar process and not bipolar one. Relationship between School and Society School and society are interdependent. Education is an activity that goes in the society and its aims and methods depend on the nature of the society in which it takes place.

   As is the society, so is the school’. The school functions according to the needs and cultural backgrounds of the society and modifies the society by providing leaders and reformers. Role of School in Society The society establishes school to provide education to its members. School should act as a social agency and an agency of social control.1.

   School is an institution that fulfills the needs of the society. School transmits the cultural heritage to the younger generations. The school moulds the innate capacities of the child, so as to fit in the society. It makes the individual social animal.

   1. The school provides better understanding for interpersonal and inter-group relationship.2.
   2. School is a miniature society.
   3. School reflects all qualities of the society.
   4. By attending the school, a child learns how to accustom with the society.
   5. Individual should develop according to the needs of the society.

   “School must become child’s habitat to be a miniature society.”3. Goals and methods are decided by the society. Society is dynamic. It grows and changes and as such these social changes must not only be reflected in education but also must effect it. The goals and aims are decided according to the nature of the society.

   The goals of the totalitarian society differs from that of democratic society, individual is as important as the society. Flexibility and diversity is the main feature in democratic society.4. School should seek the co-operation of the society. School should take two-way traffic activities. It should educate not only the children, but it should throw open its doors to the members of the society also.

   By providing books, by eradicating literacy in adults, the school should enter into depths of the society. Flexibility and diversity is the main feature in democratic society.5. School provides leader and reformers. By providing good leaders and reformers, school leads the society towards the social change.

   It prepares the members of the society to accept the change. It changes traditional society into transformational society.6. School transmits culture with necessary changes. Culture changes from generation to generation with the influence of other cultures. Moreover, there may be traditional dogmas and orthodox superstitions beliefs in the existing culture.

   School considers the above things and transmits the modified culture to the younger generations. Thus, schools established by society remodels the future society so as to fit in the ever changing world.Schools have a big role in strengthening the society and its members.

   Schools must be able to cater to the present needs of the society. It is a most powerful instrument of social change. But, unfortunately, today many schools are participating in the race of competition and have become profit/business oriented. The very foundation of the schools has become weak. Today, schools are working as manufacturing plants by producing a good earner, rather than working on ethics and morality issues.

   Students have been motivated to become multitalented in the race of globalization and less priority has been given to the development of moral and social values among them. Schools are the main agent of social change that can eliminate various social evils and problems.
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   Why education is called a social process discuss?

   Education is the social process by which individual learns the things necessary to fit him to the social life of his society. Thus, education is both acquisition of knowledge or art of teaching and learning of values, norms and skills.
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   Grady A. Lowry