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Wardha Scheme of Basic Education 1937

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The Wardha Scheme of Basic Education was the consequence of Mahatma Gandhi’s realization of India’s non-effective education system. In 1931 Mahatma Gandhi for the first time attended the Second Round Table Conference (RTC) in London, where he highlighted the deterioration of the education system in India and held British education policy responsible, for the severe downfall of education in India.

• Later, in 1937 Mahatma Gandhi published an article in his weekly Magazine ‘ Harijan ‘ about his viewpoints on the failing education system in India.
• He also wrote about the schemes that can be followed to expand the education system to every section of society.During the 1937 elections, the Indian National Congress (INC) candidates had projected free and compulsory education as one of their manifestoes.

Post their win, INC decided to take forward Gandhi’s Education scheme, published in ‘ Harijan ‘. Congress decided to officially propose the scheme with some modifications. Therefore, in this regard ‘ All India National Educational Conference ‘ was held at Wardha.

1. Nationwide Free and Compulsory Education for 7 years
2. Mother Tongue will be the Medium of Instruction
3. Education will be centred around manual or productive work, not just for Degree and examination. Hence it integrated the Physical Environment, Social Environment, and Craft Work.

Based upon this meeting at Wardha, a committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Zakir Hussain was formed. The Committee submitted the first extensive National Basic Education Scheme in its report in March 1938, which is known as the Wardha Scheme of Basic Education, It is also called as Nai Talim/Basic Education/Buniyadi Talim (Shiksha)/ Buniyadi Shiksha.
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Who is the chairman of the Wardha committee?

“Wardha Scheme” is related to which of the followi Option 3 : Mahatma Gandhi The Correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937) which is also known as Nai Talim / Buniyadi talim was the outcome of thinking of Mahatma Gandhi. He considered education as an effective instrument of national reconstruction.

Key Points

At the second round table conference in London in 1931, Mahatma Gandhi pointed out the ineffectiveness of primary education under the British rule. He held the British policy responsible for the painful situation of mass education in India. He criticized English education as it had created a permanent bar between the educated few and the majority, who were mainly illiterate. The origin of Gandhi’s Wardha scheme of basic education in 1937 can be traced back to the year 1937 when Mahatma Gandhi talked about this scheme of education in his weekly Harijan. By education, he meant all-round development of a person’s body, mind, and spirit. He proposed a system of self-supporting education. On July 31, 1937, Gandhi had published an article in the Harijan. Based upon this article, an all India National Education Conference was held on October 22 and 23, 1937. The conference is called Wardha Educational Conference and the president of this conference was Gandhi himself. The resolutions passed were as follows: ​

Free and compulsory education to be provided for 7 years at a nationwide scale. The mother tongue should be the medium of instruction. Throughout this period of 7 years, education should be around some forms of manual and productive work and for this purpose, a handicraft must be chosen, based upon the environment of the child. This system would generate the remuneration of the teachers.

A committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. Zakir Hussain to formulate the scheme of basic education in India. The report submitted by the committee and published in March 1938, came to be known as the Wardha scheme of education.

Additional Information

The Work on the Wardha Scheme of Education (1937) was initiated mainly after independence and the basic scheme of education made decent progress for about a decade. But gradually due to several problems and challenges the Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937) could not remain permanent.

India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 3.4 Crore+ Students : “Wardha Scheme” is related to which of the followi
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Who proposed the Wardha scheme of education?

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi. Wardha’s scheme of basic education was introduced in 1937 on the thinkings of Mahatma Gandhi. It was also known as Nai Talim/ Buniyadi Talim. To discuss the ideas of the new education scheme the India Education conference was held at Wardha.
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What is Wardha scheme of education?

Mahatma Gandhi came up with a special education programme in 1937. It came to be known as the Wardha Education Plan. It aimed that, all the children between the ages of 8 and 14 should receive free and compulsory education in their respective vernacular languages. This came to be known as Nai Talim or New Education.
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When was Wardha established?

Founded in 1866, the town is now an important centre for the cotton trade. It was an important part of the Gandhian era. It has various parks and playgrounds.
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Who is called the father of basic education in India?

Mahatma Gandhi proposed his scheme of Basic Education (Nai Talim) in a well formulated approach to education in 1937 in his news paper ‘Harijan’. In order to discuss different aspects of the scheme of education, an All India education conference was held in Wardha on 22nd and 23rd October, 1937.
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Who started Nai Talim in India?

In 1937, Gandhiji introduced the concept of Nai Talim in India. He believed the importance of role of teacher in the learning process. According to him, teaching-learning process can become fruitful if teacher and learner are at same understanding level.
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Who was the chairman of the Wardha education Conference 1937?

Who among the following was appointed as the chairman of the committee to formulate the scheme of basic education in India in the Wardha educational conference? Q. Who among the following was appointed as the chairman of the committee to formulate the scheme of basic education in India in the Wardha educational conference? Answer: Zakir Hussain Notes: Wardha educational conference was held in 1937.
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What is Wardha proposal?

The ‘Quit India’ resolution taken up at Wardha C

1. Proposed by Motilal Nehru and Seconded by Jawaharlal Nehru
2. Proposed by CR Das and Seconded by Y.B. Chavan
3. Proposed by Jawahar Lal Nehru and Seconded by Sardar Patel
4. Proposed by Jawahar Lal Nehru and Seconded by C. Rajagopalachari

Option 3 : Proposed by Jawahar Lal Nehru and Seconded by Sardar Patel The correct option is Option 3 i.e. Proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru and Seconded by Sardar Patel. In July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met at Wardha and resolved that it would authorize Gandhiji to take charge of the nonviolent mass movement.

• The Resolution generally, referred to as Quit India Resolution was proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru and seconded by Sardar Patel,
• It was to be approved by the All India Congress Committee meeting in Bombay in August.
• The Quit India resolution was ratified at the Congress meeting at the Gowalia Tank at Bombay on August 8, 1942.
• Gandhiji was named the leader of the struggle in this resolution.

India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 3.4 Crore+ Students : The ‘Quit India’ resolution taken up at Wardha C
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Who is the founder of educational theory?

Who was Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi? – Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Swiss social reformer and educator, is known as the Father of Modern Education. The modern era of education started with him and his spirit and ideas led to the great educational reforms in Europe in the nineteenth century.
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Who was the chairman of basic education committee 1937?

Who among the following was appointed as the chairman of the committee to formulate the scheme of basic education in India in the Wardha educational conference? Q. Who among the following was appointed as the chairman of the committee to formulate the scheme of basic education in India in the Wardha educational conference? Answer: Zakir Hussain Notes: Wardha educational conference was held in 1937.
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Who is the current Chairman House committee on basic education?

GOV. SANWO-OLU RECEIVES FEDERAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON BASIC EDUCATION AND SERVICES AT LAGOS HOUSE, ALAUSA, IKEJA, ON MONDAY, MARCH 22, 2021 L-R: Chairman, Lagos State Universal Basic Education Board (LSUBEB), Hon. Wahab Alawiye-King; member, Federal House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education and Services, Hon. Bashiru Dawodu; committee Chairman, Hon. (Prof) Julius Ihovnbere and Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu during a courtesy call on the Governor at the Lagos House, Alausa, Ikeja, on Monday, March 22, 2021. L-R: Chairman, Lagos State Universal Basic Education Board (LSUBEB), Hon. Wahab Alawiye-King, Chairman, Federal House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education and Services, Hon. (Prof) Julius Ihovnbere and Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu during a courtesy call on the Governor at the Lagos House, Alausa, Ikeja, on Monday, March 22, 2021. L-R: Chairman, Federal House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education and Services, Hon. (Prof) Julius Ihovnbere receives a state plaque from Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu during a courtesy call on the Governor at the Lagos House, Alausa, Ikeja, on Monday, March 22, 2021. L-R: Chairman, Federal House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education and Services, Hon. (Prof) Julius Ihovnbere in a discussion with Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu during a courtesy call on the Governor at the Lagos House, Alausa, Ikeja, on Monday, March 22, 2021. Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu (fourth right); Chairman, Federal House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education and Services, Hon. (Prof) Julius Ihovnbere (fourth left) followed by members, Hon. Bashiru Dawodu; Hon. Awaji-Inombek Abiante Dagomie; Committee clerk, Gloria Garba; Hon.
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Who was the chairman of the committee made for basic education?

Results of Kothari Commission Recommendations –

The education system at the national level was aligned in 10+2+3 pattern, as recommended by the Kothari Commission. One of the most important recommendations of the Kothari Commission was the National Policy on Education. The Bill was passed in the Parliament under the leadership of former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. It has been reported that even the National Policy on Education in 1986 (which was formulated under the leadership of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi), was influenced by recommendations of Kothari Commission. As per recommendations of Kothari Commission, the education sector in India was stratified into national bodies, state bodies and Central Board.

Kothari Commission – UPSC Notes:- Central Advisory Board of India decided to set up two commissions, University education commission (1948) to report on the status of Indian university education and Mudaliar Commission (1952-53) to deal with secondary education.

1. In accordance with the recommendations of Kothari commission, the National education policy of 1968 was formulated.
2. It intended to promote a language of the Southern States in Hindi speaking states.
3. It intended to promote Hindi, English and a regional language in non-Hindi speaking states.
4. The Kothari Commission recommended promoting regional languages, Sanskrit as well as international languages, preferably English.

The Kothari Commission was appointed by the Central government to look into the educational aspects and revamp the sector in order to set guidelines for the pattern of education in India. The first education commission in India was the Hunter Commission.

• It was set up on February 3, 1882 under the Chairmanship of Sir William Hunter, a member of the Executive Council of Viceroy.
• Othari Commission was formed on 14 July 1964 under the Chairmanship Daulat Singh Kothari.
• He was the then chairman of University Grants Commission (UGC).
• Candidates can find the general pattern of the UPSC Exams by visiting the page.

Related Links : Kothari Commission (1964-66) – Facts, Objectives, Recommendations
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Who invited Gandhi to Wardha?

Historic Legacy of Wardha Mahatma Gandhi came to Wardha at the request and invitation of Shri Jamanalal Bajaj and selected Segaon (later renamed Sevagram) in Wardha, as his land of action for the freedom movement. Wardha thus got its historic prominence as a central place of Indian national movement and the headquarters of All India Village Industries Association.

1. As a result, Sevagram and Wardha were immortalized in the annals of freedom struggle.
2. Before Gandhiji’s arrival, it was blessed with presence of Acharya Vinoba Bhave who set up a branch of Satyagraha Ashram at Wardha as early as 1920’s at the request of Shri Jamanalal Bajaj.
3. Mahatma Gandhi led the freedom movement from Sevagram, as its main centre.

The freedom movement gained momentum with the involvement of Shri Jamnalal Bajaj in Wardha. This made Wardha the epicenter of many notable historic initiatives and activities, carried out for the cause of India’s freedom. Shri Jamnalal Bajaj wholeheartedly got involved and supported the movement in a big way.

• He combined in his personality the roles of a constructive worker, social reformer, political leader, freedom fighter, industrialist and founder of the Bajaj Group.
• Also eminent personalities like Smt.
• Ashadevi Aryanayakam, Shri Manohar Diwan, Shri Dada Dharmadhikari, Shri Shriman Narayan, Shri Kakasaheb Kalelkar, Shri Shrikrishnadas Jajoo, Shri E.W.

Aryanayakam, Shri Kishorlal Mashruwala, Smt. Shantabai Raniwala, Shri Mahadevbhai Desai and Shri J.C. Kumarappa were associates of Gandhiji in Wardha, who contributed significantly to give shape and actualize the activities of Gandhian constructive programmes.

Shri Jamnalal Bajaj was accepted by Mahatma Gandhi as his fifth son and became the alter ego of the Mahatma for all constructive programmes. He sowed the seeds of tradition of moral and cultural values in the hearts and minds of the people of Wardha, in particular, and country at large. Bajaj family’s bonding with Wardha and its people contributed to a new direction and dimension to the country’s struggle for freedom.

Jamnalalji embodied and carried Gandhiji’s constructive programmes to the people. He worked with total commitment especially in the areas of self realization, self-reliance, girl education, gender equality, khadi and goseva (service for the welfare of the cows).

That is why Gandhiji wrote shortly after Jamnalalji’s demise in 1942. “You are aware that how intimate was the relationship between Jamnalal and myself. There was no work of mine which I did not receive his fullest co-operation in body, mind and wealth. Neither he nor I had any attraction for what is called politics.

He was drawn into it because I was in it. My real politics was constructive work, and so too was his”. The memory of Shri Jamnalal Bajaj and his wife Smt. Jankidevi Bajaj and their unique contribution for the national cause and constructive programmes is deeply cherished by the people of Wardha, and indeed the whole country.

Jankideviji was not only a spiritual partner and dedicated wife of Jamnalalji, but also a committed social worker in her own right. In the post independent period, she undertook padyatras with Acharya Vinoba Bhave and was actively involved in the movements for Bhoodan (Land Gift), Koopdan (Gift of Well), Gram Seva (Village Service) and Goseva (Service of the Cows).

In recognition of her lifelong work, the Government of India honoured Jankideviji with the Padma Vibhushan in 1956. The relevance of Shri Jamnalal Bajaj, his principles and practices grew with the time. Following his footsteps, his elder son, Shri Kamalnayan Bajaj devoted his time, resources and energy for spreading and promoting Gandhian programmes and activities.

1. He turned a nationalist at a young age and was the Architect of the Bajaj Group.
2. Jamnalalji’s younger son, Shri Ramkrishna Bajaj actively participated in the freedom struggle of the country.
3. All along, in his personal life, Ramkrishnaji practiced business ethics and high moral values.
4. Bajaj family’s legacy of business and philanthropic activities are being carried forward by the present generation under stewardship of Shri Rahul Bajaj.

He was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 2001. Shri Rahul Bajaj is supported by his brothers Shri Shekhar Bajaj, Shri Madhur Bajaj, Shri Niraj Bajaj and other members of the family in all his activities. To date, Bajaj family and the people of Wardha are committed to spread and promote ideals of Mahatma Gandhi and Shri Jamnalal Bajaj by initiating various constructive works to empower the people of India.
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