When Was District Primary Education Programme Started?
November 1994 The District Primary Education Program (DPEP), launched in November 1994, was an ambitious attempt to address these challenges and to provide a decisive thrust to universalize and transform the quality of primary education.
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Which year DPEP started in Odisha?
Last Updated On: 27/04/2022 Education is an indispensable input for development of human resources. While the overall literacy rate in 1951 was 15.8%, it was only 4.5% among females. The overall literacy rate in Odisha has increased to 73.45% and that for males to 82.4% and that for females to 64.36% as per 2011 census.
- The state has 18 universities and 1679 general colleges.
- By the end of 2003-04, there were 34 Engineering colleges including 5 Government colleges and 27 Engineering schools / polytechnics including 13 in the public sector.
- There were 176 Industrial Training Institute including 24 under Government and 152 under private management.
In the field of medical science, the state has three medical colleges, one dental college, one Pharmacy College, three ayurvedic colleges, four homoeopathic colleges and one nursing college in the Government sector. Besides there are two Ayurvedic colleges, two homoeopathic colleges and twenty-one pharmacy colleges in the private sector.
In 1950-51, there were 9801 primary schools with 16525 teachers and 3.15 lakh students. By the end of 2003-04 it was 42104 no. of primary schools with 78233 teachers and 4918067 students. Middle schools and secondary schools are 11510 and 6938 nos. respectively. As per 2004-05 survey, the no. of Government general colleges were 97 and aided colleges are 487.
Since 1950-51, there has been a considerable expansion in the number of educational institutions, enrollment and number of teachers at all levels. The UNICEF assisted ECE program is being implemented in the state since 1982 with the objective of motivating children in the age group of 3-5 years towards primary education with a view to achieve the aim of Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE).
ICDS projects and agencies like state council of child welfare and state social welfare advisory board are administering the pre-primary stage education through Anganwadies, Balwadis and Creche centers. The District Primary Education (DPEP) was launched in Odisha in 1996-97 with a view to achieve the long cherished goal of universalisation of primary education in the state through district specific planning.
Sarbasikhya Abhiyan (SSA) programme is being implemented in the state of Odisha. District Wise Literacy Rate in Odisha (As per the Census Report – 2011) Source – Census Report 2011
Download District Wise Literacy Rate and Population Attending School (1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 & 2001)
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/td>
| · Utkal University, Bhubaneswar |
| · Utkal University of Culture |
| · Sambalpur University, Burla |
| · Berhampur University, Bhanjavihar |
| · Ravenshaw University, Cuttack |
| · Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Viswavidyalaya, Puri |
| · Fakir Mohan University, Balasore |
| · North Odisha University, Baripada |
| · Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar |
| · Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela |
| · National Institute of Technology ( Formerly Regional Engineering College ), Rourkela |
| · Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,Burla |
| · International Institute of Information Technology(IIIT) |
| · Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed University |
| · Siksha O Anusandhan University (Deemed University) |
| · Centurion University of Technology and Management |
| · National Law University, Odisha, Cuttack |
| · Central University,Odisha,Koraput |
/td>
table>
table>
NO. OF SCHOOLS IN OPEPA
| District Name | Total | Rural School | Urban School | PrimarySection (I – V) | UpperPrimarySection ( VI – VII) | SecondarySection (VIII – X) | ||||||
| ANGUL | 2237 | 197896 | 2177 | 189569 | 60 | 8327 | 1833 | 132033 | 232 | 42889 | 268 | 30142 |
| BALASORE | 4170 | 423968 | 3932 | 385840 | 238 | 38128 | 3173 | 277262 | 596 | 81329 | 585 | 58170 |
| BARAGARH | 2554 | 230827 | 2441 | 211477 | 113 | 19350 | 1979 | 118412 | 380 | 53494 | 310 | 32251 |
| BHADRAK | 2677 | 306184 | 2530 | 279231 | 147 | 26953 | 2133 | 191972 | 294 | 57102 | 368 | 47766 |
| BOLANGIR | 3035 | 234150 | 2877 | 215874 | 158 | 18276 | 2512 | 155434 | 287 | 48034 | 303 | 25536 |
| BOUDH | 971 | 73909 | 953 | 70731 | 18 | 3178 | 889 | 47010 | 55 | 14587 | 79 | 6418 |
| CUTTACK | 3826 | 402755 | 3233 | 309021 | 593 | 93734 | 3055 | 237846 | 456 | 86078 | 809 | 67669 |
| DEOGARH | 949 | 54338 | 916 | 50437 | 33 | 3901 | 820 | 38380 | 62 | 9639 | 81 | 5596 |
| DHENKANAL | 2081 | 198364 | 1974 | 180678 | 107 | 17686 | 1678 | 115712 | 196 | 45362 | 292 | 31456 |
| GAJAPATI | 1864 | 101900 | 1806 | 94920 | 58 | 6980 | 1804 | 79292 | 55 | 16752 | 83 | 5223 |
| GANJAM | 4578 | 530187 | 4125 | 456033 | 453 | 74154 | 3875 | 370591 | 383 | 105666 | 604 | 44524 |
| JAGATSINGHPUR | 1952 | 179967 | 1858 | 163824 | 94 | 16143 | 1545 | 101245 | 214 | 37969 | 305 | 33459 |
| JAJPUR | 3175 | 343517 | 3065 | 330556 | 110 | 12961 | 2428 | 215610 | 354 | 71080 | 485 | 54210 |
| JHARSUGUDA | 1018 | 90290 | 783 | 59344 | 235 | 30946 | 842 | 55261 | 104 | 21902 | 124 | 13534 |
| KALAHANDI | 3333 | 277856 | 3228 | 259069 | 105 | 18787 | 2925 | 202135 | 257 | 48508 | 278 | 24081 |
| KANDHAMAL | 2270 | 148796 | 2218 | 139414 | 52 | 9382 | 2129 | 111854 | 85 | 22463 | 146 | 10826 |
| KENDRAPARA | 2700 | 255022 | 2599 | 241249 | 101 | 13773 | 2111 | 147688 | 307 | 56348 | 391 | 46610 |
| KEONJHAR | 3370 | 270542 | 3176 | 244600 | 194 | 25942 | 2622 | 186765 | 349 | 51448 | 522 | 31520 |
| KHURDHA | 2553 | 329711 | 1809 | 194637 | 744 | 135074 | 2034 | 203006 | 534 | 68337 | 668 | 55650 |
| KORAPUT | 3267 | 180910 | 3022 | 153560 | 245 | 27350 | 3131 | 139100 | 107 | 28973 | 148 | 10034 |
| MALKANGIRI | 1450 | 96142 | 1411 | 90090 | 39 | 6052 | 1330 | 78970 | 28 | 11197 | 128 | 3583 |
| MAYURBHANJ | 5971 | 414583 | 5792 | 388493 | 179 | 26090 | 5204 | 301627 | 400 | 74065 | 625 | 43100 |
| NAWARANGPUR | 2324 | 183642 | 2253 | 172050 | 71 | 11592 | 2159 | 147833 | 115 | 29160 | 121 | 8145 |
| NAYAGARH | 1846 | 165958 | 1810 | 160554 | 36 | 5404 | 1477 | 99619 | 191 | 35839 | 249 | 24123 |
| NUAPADA | 1616 | 108832 | 1592 | 105365 | 24 | 3467 | 1401 | 84965 | 140 | 18757 | 122 | 9821 |
| PURI | 2875 | 289244 | 2671 | 254863 | 204 | 34381 | 2348 | 170524 | 250 | 64464 | 385 | 46975 |
| RAYAGADA | 2675 | 151580 | 2569 | 133628 | 106 | 17952 | 2592 | 116370 | 95 | 24086 | 123 | 10208 |
| SAMBALPUR | 2256 | 152924 | 1962 | 123393 | 294 | 29531 | 1925 | 96170 | 248 | 38706 | 251 | 17228 |
| SONEPUR | 1259 | 103193 | 1190 | 94733 | 69 | 8460 | 1068 | 56219 | 110 | 27136 | 120 | 15135 |
| SUNDERGARH | 4403 | 330903 | 3729 | 242061 | 674 | 88842 | 3846 | 223347 | 373 | 68906 | 410 | 36111 |
| Total | 79255 | 6828090 | 73701 | 5995294 | 5554 | 832796 | 66868 | 4502252 | 7257 | 1360276 | 9383 | 849104 |
ul> Click for BLOCK WISE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Click for BLOCK WISE MIDDLE SCHOOLS
Click for BLOCK WISE SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Click for ECO-CLUB SCHOOLS
Source: Economic Survey and Odisha Govt Website
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When did DPEP start in Kerala?
Abstract – Launched in 1993 as a national initiative to achieve Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) through district-level intervention, the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was started in a big way in Kerala in the year 1995. this paper aims to assess the efficacy of SLAP (Second Language Acquisition Programme) of DPEP in teaching English to the children of standards IV and V.
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Who providing the financial support for implementation of DPEP in Odisha?
DPEP is a centrally sponsored scheme, and as per the financial allocations 85% of the project cost is shared by Government of India (GOI) and 15% has to be from the budgets of respective State governments.
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What was the name of the Programme adopted for improvement of primary education in India?
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is implemented as India’s main Programme for universalizing elementary education. Its overall goals include universal access and retention, bridging of gender and social category gaps in education and enhancement of learning levels of children.
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WHO launched DPEP in India?
DPEP in Education – To improve learning outcomes, increase retention, and eliminate inequalities between social groups, DPEP takes a comprehensive strategy. The DPEP is built on the idea of “additionally,” it is designed to fill in any gaps by offering resources in addition to those provided by state and federal primary education programs.
One of the most significant education initiatives in the world, the District Primary Education Program (DPEP), focuses on district-specific planning with decentralized management, participatory processes, empowerment, and capacity building at all levels to achieve the goal of universalizing elementary education.The program is a significant effort to reform primary education and advance the goal of upper primary education.With the assistance of the World Bank, the central government launched the DPEP (phase I) initiative, which was then expanded to more States, five states at first.The most disadvantaged district, where the proportion of women in higher education is lower than the national average, and the districts where Total Literacy Campaigns (TLCs) have been successful in increasing demand for elementary education are the ones that each state is advised to choose for the project’s initial five starting districts. DPEP is the abbreviation for District Primary Education Program.
DPEP began in 41 districts across several states, and by 2002–03, it had spread to 271 districts nationwide in 18 states. The District Primary Education Program is a component of the Social Safety Net Credit Adjustment Loan given to India in 1991 as part of the World Bank’s structural adjustment program.
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Who funded DPEP?
What is DPEP in Education? DPEP stands for District Primary Education Program, The program intends to make primary education accessible to all, through formal primary schools or alternative methods. The primary objectives of DPEP are: 1.To reduce the school dropout rate at primary schools below 10 percent.2.To increase the achievement rates by 25% or above the average level.3.To minimize the disparities in accessibility of education to less than 5 percent.4.To facilitate non-formal education for all children to primary schooling
It is a centrally sponsored scheme where the Central government funds 85% of the expenses, whereas 15% is from the budget of State governments. Initiated in 1994,it covered 41 districts in different states, and later expanded to 271 districts across 18 states. It is a part of the Social Net Credit Adjustment Loan under the Structural Adjustment Programme of the World Bank.
Strategy
Sensitive to the needs and limitations of girls, and children from disadvantaged communities. Generate demand for the education of girls.
Further Reading Find more related in the linked article. Related Links : What is DPEP in Education?
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Who started first school in Kerala?
Schools Kottayam is always in the forefront in literacy and education. In the 17th century, a Dutch school was started at Kottayam, which was short-lived,The first English school in Kerala was started by the Missionaries of the Church Mission Society (C.M.S) at Kottayam, in the beginning of the 19 th century and this is the CMS High School, Kottayam.
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Which is the first education commission?
Which is the first education commission in India? Explore the Answer at BYJU’S UPSC Preparation The first education commission in India was the Hunter Commission. It was set up on February 3, 1882 under the Chairmanship of Sir William Hunter, a member of the Executive Council of Viceroy. The Hunter Commissions made the following recommendations with regards to education in India.
Preference be given to people who can read and write when selecting persons to fill the lowest offices in the government
Formation of school districts taking the area of any municipal or rural unit of Local self-Government and establishment of schools placed under their jurisdiction in each district.
District and Municipal Boards were directed to assign specific funds to primary education.
For further reading check the following articles: : Which is the first education commission in India? Explore the Answer at BYJU’S UPSC Preparation
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What is the major concern of DPEP?
District Primary Education Program- DPEP Primary education is a segment that needs acute attention and action in India. The District Primary Education Program or DPEP is aimed at providing primary education to all children in the country. Initiated in 1994 in 41 districts and expanded to 271 districts by 2002-03, the goals of DPEP are aligned with the National Education Policy.
While DPEP was implemented in these districts, the approach of the program was area- specific. Every geographical region has its own challenges to the accessibility of primary education. Along with this, the socio-economic challenges also vary from district to district. Thus, DPEP acknowledged the local conditions that were preventing children from availing formal schooling and started working on mitigating them.
Geographical Coverage of the Program The expanse of the District primary Education Program grew with the years. The DPEP started with 41 districts in the states of Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu in 1994. The impact of the program encouraged it to be extended to the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh.
It further extended to 271 districts of the country, impacting a child population of 60% all over the country. Suggested Read: Strategy of Implementation The strategy of implementation is based on the differential needs of the districts. Some trends were observed in all the districts and were included in the plan of action.
The DPEP is focused on education-deprived regions and communities. One of the disadvantaged communities was identified to be girl children. This is a concerning statistic since girls are a large population segment and deprivation of education affects the national growth.
- It was observed that girls are particularly disadvantaged due to a lack of demand for education in girls.
- Another observation after thorough research and survey of the areas revealed the various constraints and needs of girls that prevent them from attending school.
- On the basis of this data, a district selection criteria were developed.
District Selection Criteria The District Selection Criteria revolved around two parameters. The first was whether the district’s female literacy rate was lower than the national average or not. The second was whether the district had organised a total literacy campaign through which awareness of the need for education could be raised.
Characteristics of DPEP The DPEP was designed to have a holistic scope. It would take all regional schemes and policies under its wing or coordinate with the existing district-level program to enhance the effectiveness of all the efforts made towards the accessibility of primary education in the district.
Not only would the policies converge, but so would their resources. Resource allocation and distribution have a major role in the implementation of program like DPEP. This would entail working closely with grassroots officials and increasing community participation in the districts.
Decentralisation Since every district has peculiar conditions and challenges, a decentralised mechanism was essential. This means that no general formula or strategy can be applied uniformly to all the districts. A distinct was to be taken as the unit of planning and implementation. Customised strategies followed grassroot level participation as locals would be able to give realistic statistics which would further concept clarity and sensitivity to a certain area.
Community Participation With an initiative like DPEP, community participation is indispensable. Teachers, parents and other functionaries must join hands to make DPEP a success. The community at large would follow them in their efforts to make the district education-friendly for both boys and girls.
The program pays special emphasis to the role of the community at large. Equity and Positive Discrimination- The concept of positive discrimination focuses on providing the disadvantaged communities with opportunities to reach the same standards of living as everyone else. With regard to education, DPEP focuses on the vulnerable groups like scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, girls and disabled persons.
The goal of equity can be furthered via the DPEP by eliminating some of the specific challenges these communities face. Accountability DPEP has been constructed in a way that reflects the idea of a people’s project. The government and government officials are mere facilitators and the ownership is in the hands of the community.
The goal is to help people realise that it is their community that benefits from the program and not the government so that they do not feel like outsiders. For any project to be successful, it must be fully accepted and absorbed in the community and its members. It also gives people an opportunity to be flexible and apply methods that are most effective and relevant to each community.
Funding of DPEP The DPEP receives funding from the Indian government, State governments and international bodies. It is a centrally sponsored scheme which means that the centre and state government share the responsibility of funding the program. The central government gives 85% of the project cost and the respective state governments pays 15%.
- The international funding is provided by organisations like the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Official Development Assistance (ODA), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), and the Netherlands.
- The total external financial assistance amounts to 7 thousand crore approximately with a major contribution from the International Development association (IDA).
Conclusion Primary education is the foundation of personal development in humans. The ages of 3-10 witness steep learning curves in children. The brain is open to learning in the conceptual, rational and linguistic spheres. Primary education also forms the foundation for intermediate and higher education amongst individuals.
The progress of a country can only be brought about by a strong education system. The District Primary Education Program understands the need for primary education and tries to reach the lowest rungs of society to achieve the goal of education for the country. It expects all the sections of society to join hands towards this goal.
: District Primary Education Program- DPEP
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What is DPEP educational programme in Odisha?
Last Updated On: 27/04/2022 Education is an indispensable input for development of human resources. While the overall literacy rate in 1951 was 15.8%, it was only 4.5% among females. The overall literacy rate in Odisha has increased to 73.45% and that for males to 82.4% and that for females to 64.36% as per 2011 census.
The state has 18 universities and 1679 general colleges. By the end of 2003-04, there were 34 Engineering colleges including 5 Government colleges and 27 Engineering schools / polytechnics including 13 in the public sector. There were 176 Industrial Training Institute including 24 under Government and 152 under private management.
In the field of medical science, the state has three medical colleges, one dental college, one Pharmacy College, three ayurvedic colleges, four homoeopathic colleges and one nursing college in the Government sector. Besides there are two Ayurvedic colleges, two homoeopathic colleges and twenty-one pharmacy colleges in the private sector.
- In 1950-51, there were 9801 primary schools with 16525 teachers and 3.15 lakh students.
- By the end of 2003-04 it was 42104 no.
- Of primary schools with 78233 teachers and 4918067 students.
- Middle schools and secondary schools are 11510 and 6938 nos.
- Respectively.
- As per 2004-05 survey, the no.
- Of Government general colleges were 97 and aided colleges are 487.
Since 1950-51, there has been a considerable expansion in the number of educational institutions, enrollment and number of teachers at all levels. The UNICEF assisted ECE program is being implemented in the state since 1982 with the objective of motivating children in the age group of 3-5 years towards primary education with a view to achieve the aim of Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE).
ICDS projects and agencies like state council of child welfare and state social welfare advisory board are administering the pre-primary stage education through Anganwadies, Balwadis and Creche centers. The District Primary Education (DPEP) was launched in Odisha in 1996-97 with a view to achieve the long cherished goal of universalisation of primary education in the state through district specific planning.
Sarbasikhya Abhiyan (SSA) programme is being implemented in the state of Odisha. District Wise Literacy Rate in Odisha (As per the Census Report – 2011) Source – Census Report 2011
Download District Wise Literacy Rate and Population Attending School (1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 & 2001)
|
/td>
| · Utkal University, Bhubaneswar |
| · Utkal University of Culture |
| · Sambalpur University, Burla |
| · Berhampur University, Bhanjavihar |
| · Ravenshaw University, Cuttack |
| · Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Viswavidyalaya, Puri |
| · Fakir Mohan University, Balasore |
| · North Odisha University, Baripada |
| · Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar |
| · Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela |
| · National Institute of Technology ( Formerly Regional Engineering College ), Rourkela |
| · Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,Burla |
| · International Institute of Information Technology(IIIT) |
| · Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed University |
| · Siksha O Anusandhan University (Deemed University) |
| · Centurion University of Technology and Management |
| · National Law University, Odisha, Cuttack |
| · Central University,Odisha,Koraput |
/td>
table>
table>
NO. OF SCHOOLS IN OPEPA
| District Name | Total | Rural School | Urban School | PrimarySection (I – V) | UpperPrimarySection ( VI – VII) | SecondarySection (VIII – X) | ||||||
| ANGUL | 2237 | 197896 | 2177 | 189569 | 60 | 8327 | 1833 | 132033 | 232 | 42889 | 268 | 30142 |
| BALASORE | 4170 | 423968 | 3932 | 385840 | 238 | 38128 | 3173 | 277262 | 596 | 81329 | 585 | 58170 |
| BARAGARH | 2554 | 230827 | 2441 | 211477 | 113 | 19350 | 1979 | 118412 | 380 | 53494 | 310 | 32251 |
| BHADRAK | 2677 | 306184 | 2530 | 279231 | 147 | 26953 | 2133 | 191972 | 294 | 57102 | 368 | 47766 |
| BOLANGIR | 3035 | 234150 | 2877 | 215874 | 158 | 18276 | 2512 | 155434 | 287 | 48034 | 303 | 25536 |
| BOUDH | 971 | 73909 | 953 | 70731 | 18 | 3178 | 889 | 47010 | 55 | 14587 | 79 | 6418 |
| CUTTACK | 3826 | 402755 | 3233 | 309021 | 593 | 93734 | 3055 | 237846 | 456 | 86078 | 809 | 67669 |
| DEOGARH | 949 | 54338 | 916 | 50437 | 33 | 3901 | 820 | 38380 | 62 | 9639 | 81 | 5596 |
| DHENKANAL | 2081 | 198364 | 1974 | 180678 | 107 | 17686 | 1678 | 115712 | 196 | 45362 | 292 | 31456 |
| GAJAPATI | 1864 | 101900 | 1806 | 94920 | 58 | 6980 | 1804 | 79292 | 55 | 16752 | 83 | 5223 |
| GANJAM | 4578 | 530187 | 4125 | 456033 | 453 | 74154 | 3875 | 370591 | 383 | 105666 | 604 | 44524 |
| JAGATSINGHPUR | 1952 | 179967 | 1858 | 163824 | 94 | 16143 | 1545 | 101245 | 214 | 37969 | 305 | 33459 |
| JAJPUR | 3175 | 343517 | 3065 | 330556 | 110 | 12961 | 2428 | 215610 | 354 | 71080 | 485 | 54210 |
| JHARSUGUDA | 1018 | 90290 | 783 | 59344 | 235 | 30946 | 842 | 55261 | 104 | 21902 | 124 | 13534 |
| KALAHANDI | 3333 | 277856 | 3228 | 259069 | 105 | 18787 | 2925 | 202135 | 257 | 48508 | 278 | 24081 |
| KANDHAMAL | 2270 | 148796 | 2218 | 139414 | 52 | 9382 | 2129 | 111854 | 85 | 22463 | 146 | 10826 |
| KENDRAPARA | 2700 | 255022 | 2599 | 241249 | 101 | 13773 | 2111 | 147688 | 307 | 56348 | 391 | 46610 |
| KEONJHAR | 3370 | 270542 | 3176 | 244600 | 194 | 25942 | 2622 | 186765 | 349 | 51448 | 522 | 31520 |
| KHURDHA | 2553 | 329711 | 1809 | 194637 | 744 | 135074 | 2034 | 203006 | 534 | 68337 | 668 | 55650 |
| KORAPUT | 3267 | 180910 | 3022 | 153560 | 245 | 27350 | 3131 | 139100 | 107 | 28973 | 148 | 10034 |
| MALKANGIRI | 1450 | 96142 | 1411 | 90090 | 39 | 6052 | 1330 | 78970 | 28 | 11197 | 128 | 3583 |
| MAYURBHANJ | 5971 | 414583 | 5792 | 388493 | 179 | 26090 | 5204 | 301627 | 400 | 74065 | 625 | 43100 |
| NAWARANGPUR | 2324 | 183642 | 2253 | 172050 | 71 | 11592 | 2159 | 147833 | 115 | 29160 | 121 | 8145 |
| NAYAGARH | 1846 | 165958 | 1810 | 160554 | 36 | 5404 | 1477 | 99619 | 191 | 35839 | 249 | 24123 |
| NUAPADA | 1616 | 108832 | 1592 | 105365 | 24 | 3467 | 1401 | 84965 | 140 | 18757 | 122 | 9821 |
| PURI | 2875 | 289244 | 2671 | 254863 | 204 | 34381 | 2348 | 170524 | 250 | 64464 | 385 | 46975 |
| RAYAGADA | 2675 | 151580 | 2569 | 133628 | 106 | 17952 | 2592 | 116370 | 95 | 24086 | 123 | 10208 |
| SAMBALPUR | 2256 | 152924 | 1962 | 123393 | 294 | 29531 | 1925 | 96170 | 248 | 38706 | 251 | 17228 |
| SONEPUR | 1259 | 103193 | 1190 | 94733 | 69 | 8460 | 1068 | 56219 | 110 | 27136 | 120 | 15135 |
| SUNDERGARH | 4403 | 330903 | 3729 | 242061 | 674 | 88842 | 3846 | 223347 | 373 | 68906 | 410 | 36111 |
| Total | 79255 | 6828090 | 73701 | 5995294 | 5554 | 832796 | 66868 | 4502252 | 7257 | 1360276 | 9383 | 849104 |
ul> Click for BLOCK WISE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Click for BLOCK WISE MIDDLE SCHOOLS
Click for BLOCK WISE SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Click for ECO-CLUB SCHOOLS
Source: Economic Survey and Odisha Govt Website
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Why did DPEP fail?
It was during the 1990’s that a new phase of developments in education, particularly in primary education started in India. This was a result of international assistance to improve primary education in the developing countries. The primary education in India was opened for external assistance starting with the assistance from World Bank and the UNICEF.
- In order to coordinate the activities between the central government and state government on one side and the international agencies offering assistance on the other side, the government of India launched the District Primary Education Programme.
- This was an effort to bring the international assistance programme under one roof so that the coordination activities can be made easy and simple.
Why District Primary Education Program? Educational planning in India was always under constrained by lack of financial resources. With the launch of DPEP, there was a relaxation of constraints in terms of financial resources. The districts were told that 
participating districts will be provided with Rs 350 to Rs 400 million over a period of 7 years under the programme. This amount was not large when compared to Rs 600 million which was spent over every district every year by the government of India during 1990’s.
Contributions of DPEP in India Under the DPEP the role of districts in planning of primary education was given due importance. There was a call for district planning in education for long post independence. The whole program of DPEP is based on district planning and thus it became important in primary education.
This is considered as the most important contribution made by DPEP. Another contribution made by the DPEP is that, it helped in improving capacity building. But the fact is that both district planning and capacity building does not need external assistance.
- It was a worrying fact that India had to depend on external assistance for district planning and capacity building.
- This can be considered as an inability from the part of the government of India and that even after decades after independence our government failed to deliver these aspects.
- The external assistance was of use only for quantitative development and for qualitative development the government could have made use of internal resources.
So the entire process of external assistance does not provide a sound rationale so that it can be justified. This is the most important drawback of the program. The severely damaged budgetary conditions of India were the main reason why the government of India decided to accept external assistance. can reduce the amount provided for the state government. In the case of state government, it reduced the effort from their part to mobilize additional resources. Another advantage state governments enjoyed was that this external assistance was provided as grants and not as loans.
- The state government considered this as a programme sponsored by the central government with plenty of resources coming to the states through the central government.
- Both the central and state governments failed to realize that this will bring in more long term burden to the people of India.
- A negative consequence of DPEP was that the people started believe that the government doesn’t have adequate fund to improve primary education in India and that the only way out was to go for external assistance from international organizations.
This had led to a situation where both rich and poor states compete to enter into the DPEP system to get external assistance for primary education. This developed a situation where the state governments across the country started to depend on the external fund as source for improving primary education in India.
What led to the failure of District Primary Education Program? As a result of the DPEP, there was improvement in terms of infrastructure and study materials. But the tragic part is that most of the schools failed to ensure that students showed improvements in reading, writing and mathematics. According to report published in 2008, two third of students in classes 3 to 5 could not read fluently or understand class two lessons.
Even after spending millions to improve the primary education in India, the governments failed to improve the quality of education. A decade and half effort couldn’t provide quality education in India till now and the outcome in future is dark. What will be the situation after a decade if the students pass out of schools with excellent infrastructure and computers, but with limited knowledge and skills? A major portion of this failure can be blamed on those who are responsible for the implementation of large scale schemes of DPEP.
It was very late when the administrators took up the issue of student learning seriously. The administrators of the DPEP scheme had very little knowledge of what has to be improved in classrooms to facilitate teaching and learning. They concentrated on improving infrastructure and increasing enrollment and retention.
They overlooked the fact that improving quality of teaching and learning would automatically bring in more enrollment and ensure retention. They failed to realize the fact that quality of teachers was the most important factor that ensures delivery of quality education.
- As a result proper training and developmental opportunities were not provided to teachers.
- We Indians focus on policy rather than implementation In India and in many of the developing countries, policy is given more importance than implementation.
- So people consider planning as prestigious and implementation as a low end job done by a clerk.
So in India as far as DPEP is concerned we failed in implementing DPEP to meet the requirements of the Indian education system, ie, improving the quality of primary education in India.
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Which educational programme was introduced by Gandhiji?
Mahatma Gandhi proposed his scheme of Basic Education (Nai Talim) in a well formulated approach to education in 1937 in his news paper ‘Harijan’.
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Which program provides primary education?
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)–Explained !
Read this article to learn about the district primary education programme. The centrally—sponsored scheme of District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched in 1994 as a major initiative to revitalize the primary education system and to achieve the objective of universalisation of primary education. DPEP adopts a holistic approach to universalize access, retention and improve learning achievement and to reduce disparities among social groups.
Adopting an “area specific approach” with district as the unit, of planning, the key strategies of the programme have been to retain the sensivity to local conditions and ensuring full participation of the community. It also seeks to strengthen the capacity of national, state and district institutions and organisation, for planning, management and professional support in the field of primary education.
DPEP is based on the principle of “additionally” and is structured to fill in the existing gaps by providing inputs over and above the provisions made under central and state sector schemes for primary education. The state governments are required to at least maintain expenditure in real terms at base year level.
The basic objectives of DPEP are: 1. To provide all children access to primary education through either the formal or non-formal stream.2. To reduce differences in enrolment, drop-out rates and learning achievement among gender and weaker section groups to less than five percent.3.
To reduce overall primary dropout rates for all children to less than 10 percent.4. To rise the average achievement rate by 25 percent by measured baseline level and ensuring achievement of basic literacy and numeracy competencies and minimum of 40 percent achievement in other competencies by all primary education children.
The bulk of the funds for DPEP came from international bodies such as the UNICEF, ODA (UK), SIDA (Sweden), Netherlands etc. The first phase of the programme was launched in 42 districts in the states of Assam, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.
Later the programme was launched in 80 districts of Orissa, Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, UP, West Bengal and Gujarat. The impact studies of the first phase projects are very positive. The DPEP has made decisive impact on increasing enrolment, reducing stagnation and improving class-room transaction.
While the DPEP has been operational in backward districts with female literacy below the national average, total literacy campaign has started up the demand for elementary education. DPEP is an externally aided project.85 percent of the project cost is met by the Central Government and the remaining 15 percent is shared by the concerned state government.
- The central government share is resourced through external assistance.
- At present external assistance of about Rs.6,938 crore composing Rs.5,137 as credit from IDA and Rs.1,801 crore as grant from DFID/UNICEF and Netherlands has been tied up for DPEP, (DFID is Department for International Development (UK), SIDA is Swedish International Development Authority).
: District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)–Explained !
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