How Much Gdp Is Spent On Education In India?
India Education Spending 1997-2022 General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.).
India education spending for 2020 was 16.54%, a 0.19% decline from 2019. India education spending for 2019 was 16.73%, a 0.09% increase from 2018. India education spending for 2018 was 16.64%, a 0.83% increase from 2017. India education spending for 2017 was 15.81%, a 0.09% increase from 2016.
| India Education Spending – Historical Data | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Education Spending (% of GDP) | Annual Change |
| 2020 | 16.54% | -0.19% |
| 2019 | 16.73% | 0.09% |
| 2018 | 16.64% | 0.83% |
| 2017 | 15.81% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | 15.72% | 0.03% |
| 2015 | 15.69% | 1.64% |
| 2013 | 14.05% | 0.06% |
| 2012 | 13.99% | 0.43% |
| 2011 | 13.56% | 1.73% |
| 2010 | 11.83% | 0.64% |
| 2009 | 11.19% | -0.50% |
| 2006 | 11.69% | 0.49% |
| 2005 | 11.21% | 0.01% |
| 2004 | 11.20% | -1.21% |
| 2003 | 12.41% | -4.32% |
| 2000 | 16.73% | -0.23% |
| 1999 | 16.96% | 2.80% |
| 1998 | 14.16% | 0.84% |
| 1997 | 13.32% | 0.84% |
India Education Spending 1997-2022
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Contents
- 0.1 What percentage of GDP spends on education in India?
- 0.2 How much is spent on education in India?
- 1 How much Pakistan spends on education?
- 2 What is India’s rank in GDP 2022?
- 3 Which country is #1 in education?
- 4 How much of India’s GDP is spent on healthcare?
- 5 Who funds education in India?
- 6 Which countries spend the most on education?
- 7 How much does UAE spend on education?
- 8 What percent of GDP is spent on health in India?
- 9 What percentage of GDP is spent on education in India in 1952?
What percentage of GDP spends on education in India?
What percentage of GDP is spent on education in India? Option 1 : About three percent Free 150 Questions 150 Marks 150 Mins
The percentage of ‘education expenditure’ over ‘total government expenditure’ indicates the importance of education in the scheme of things before the government. The percentage of ‘ education expenditure of GDP ‘ expresses how much of people’s income is being committed to the development of education in the country. The basic purpose of Planning in India is to widen people’s choices and improve the well-being of the people. The percentage of spending from the government is a reflection of the value the Indian government places on education.
Key Points GDP on Education:
Elementary education takes a major share of total education expenditure in the country. The share of higher education (institutions of higher learning like colleges, polytechnics and universities) is the least. The Economic Survey 2019-20 noted that the expenditure on education by the centre and the states as a proportion of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been around 3% between 2014-15 to 2018-19. The National Policy on Education 1968 recommended the spending on Education to be 6% of GDP. National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP) reaffirms the recommendation of increasing public investment in education to 6% of GDP.
Thus, about three percent of GDP is spent on education in India. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Daily Live MasterClasses Practice Question Bank Mock Tests & Quizzes Trusted by 3.4 Crore+ Students : What percentage of GDP is spent on education in India?
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How much percentage of GDP India spent on education 2022?
Education Sector in the Union Budget 2022-23 Arun C Mehta Formerly Professor & Head of EMIS Department NIEPA, New Delhi Email: [email protected] Introduction Ever since the Kothari Commission (1968) recommended 6 per cent of the GDP for the education sector which was later reemphasized by the subsequent committees, commissions, and policy documents but never cross 4.15 per cent (in 1999) of the GDP which is now almost stagnant at 3.1 for the last couple of years.
Recently adopted the National Education Policy 2020 reaffirmed the commitment of the Government that efforts will be made to reach 6 per cent of the GDP but didn’t mention the year by which the government intends to achieve this goal which would have far-reaching implications for the education sector which is still far away in attaining the status of universal school education in the real sense which is also true for the global commitment in attaining sustainable goals in general and education in particular (SDG4 Education).
As against the 6 per cent expenditure on education to GDP, the Economic Survey presented in the Parliament on 31 st January 2022 indicate that it was 2.8 per cent in 2019-20 as against 3.1 per cent in 2020-21 (revised) and 3.1 per cent in 2021-22 (budgeted).
New Policy aims for universalization of education from pre-school to secondary level with 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio in school education by 2030. NEP 2020 will bring 2 crores out-of-school children back into the mainstream. The current 10+2 system is to be replaced by a new 5+3+3+4 curricular structure. The new system will have 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi/ pre-schooling. Emphasis on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. A new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education. Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education to be raised to 50 % by 2035; 3.5 crore seats to be added in higher education. Under Graduate education can be of 3 or 4 years with multiple exit options and appropriate certification within this period. Academic Bank of Credits to be established to facilitate Transfer of Credits The Higher Education Commission of India will be set up as a single umbrella body for the entire higher education. Every college would develop into either an Autonomous degree-granting college or a constituent college of a university. The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in the Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
The Present Article Based on the information made available in the Union Budget 2022, an effort has been made to have a look at the budget, actual and revised estimates in case of the allocation made to the Ministry of Education. Needless to mention that the ministry has two departments namely the Department of School Education & Literacy and the Department of Higher Education all the activities of the ministry fall under these two departments.
However, the focus of the present note is more on the School Education Department which plays a pivotal role in ensuring that it sends an adequate number of secondary graduates to the higher education without which the goal of 50 per cent GER as envisaged in NEP 2020 is not likely to be realised by 2030.
Without improving the efficiency of the school education, the higher education sector is not expected to receive an adequate number of secondary graduates because of which the school education department must receive adequate funds to initiate activities as adopted in the NEP 2020.
Ministry of Education Budget allocation on education sector during the period 2017-18 to 2022-23 presented in Table 1 reveals that the same barring the year 2021-22 has consistently increased from 81,868 crores in 2017-18 to 1,04,278 crores in the latest budget 2022-23 which is 11.86 per cent more than the same in the previous budget.
During 2021-22, the allocation to education was declined by 6,088 crores which is 6.13 per cent of the allocation in the previous year. Table 1: Budget Allocation to Education Sector: 2017-18 to 2022-23
| Year | Allocation | Change over Previous Budget | %age Change |
| 2017-18 | 81,868 | – | – |
| 2018-19 | 85,010 | 3,142 | 3.84 |
| 2019-20 | 94,854 | 9,844 | 11.58 |
| 2020-21 | 99,312 | 4,458 | 4.70 |
| 2021-22 | 93,224 | -6,088 | -6.13 |
| 2022-23 | 1,04,278 | 11,052 | 11.86 |
Source: Union Budget Different years, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Users are advised to refer to original budget documents for further use. Details of actual expenditure (2020-21), budgeted and revised estimates of 2021-22, and budgeted allocation in the year 2022-23 presented in Table 2 reveals that budgeted allocation to the Ministry of Education has increased to 1,04,278 crores in 2022-23 from 93,224 crores in the previous year i.e., 2021-22; thus showing an increase of Rs.11,052 crores which is 11.86 per cent more of the total budgeted allocation to the Ministry of Education in the previous year.
- However, the budgeted allocation was revised to 88,002 crores which is 5,222 crores less than the actual budgeted allocation or 5.60 per cent lower than the original allocation.
- As against the budgeted allocation of 1,04,278 crores in 2022-23, the actual expenditure of the Ministry of Education in 2020-21 was 84,219 crores; thus indicating budgeted allocation of 2022-23 is more by a hoping 20,059 crores; an increase of 23.82 per cent.
Table 2: Actual Expenditure, Revised Estimates, and Budgeted Allocation Ministry of Education (In Rs in Crores)
| Department | Actual Expenditure 2020-21 | Budget 2021-22 | Budgeted Allocation 2022-23 | |
| Budgeted | Revised | |||
| Department of School Education & Literacy | 51842 | 54874 | 51970 | 63449 |
| %age to Total Education Budget | 61.6 | 58.9 | 59.1 | 60.8 |
| Change over the Previous Budget | – | 3032 | 128 | 8575 |
| Department of Higher Education | 32378 | 38351 | 36032 | 40828 |
| %age to Total Education Budget | 38.4 | 41.1 | 40.9 | 39.2 |
| Change over the Previous Budget | – | 5973 | 3654 | 2477 |
| Total Ministry of Education | 84219 | 93224 | 88002 | 104278 |
| %age to Total Budget | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
| Change over the Previous Budget | – | 9005 | 3782 | 11052 |
| TOTAL BUDGET Size 2022-23 | 3509836 | 3483236 | 3770000 | 3944909 |
Source: Union Budget 2022-23, Ministry of Finance, Government of India (accessed on 02/02/2022). Users are advised to refer to original budget documents for further use. Table 2 further reveals that budgeted allocation on education is 2.6 per cent of the total estimated budget size of Rs.39,44,909 crores as against 2.4 per cent of the actual expenditure during the year 2020-21.
Expenditure by Departments All the activities of the Ministry of Education are located either in the Department of School Education & Literacy or Department of Higher Education budget allocation of which presented in Table 2 reveals that the chunk of the allocation of the Ministry of education is used to be allocated to the Department of School Education & Literacy which has declined from a high 61.6 per cent in 2020-21 (actual) to 58.9 per cent (budgeted) in 2021-22 but improved a bit to 60.8 per cent in the latest 2022-23 budget allocation.
In absolute terms, the allocation to the school education department is to the tune of 63,449 crores in the 2022-23 budget as against 51,970 crores (revised) in 2021-22 and 51,842 crores (actual) in 2020-21. Allocation in 2022-23 of 63,449 crores is 11,608 crores more than the actual expenditure of 51,842 crores in 2021-22.
The revised budget estimates of 2021-22 suggest that the budget allocation to the Ministry of Education was declined by 5,222 crores of which 2,904 crores alone was declined in the case of the Department of School Education as against a decline of 2,319 crores in the case of the Department of Higher Education.
The percentage 2022-23 budget allocation to the Department of Higher Education stands at 39.2 which is higher than the actual expenditure of 38.4 per cent in 2020-21. Since the chunk of the budget estimates used to be allocated to the Department of School Education & Literacy, the same concerning its various schemes has also been looked at which reveals that the highest allocation is made to one of the flagship schemes of the department, namely the Sarva Shiksha details of which is presented below.
- Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan Samagra Shiksha (is one of the major centrally sponsored schemes of the Department of School Education & Literacy which was launched in 2018 by integrating the then Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan and Teachers Education,
- The total budget allocation on this flagship programme is more by Rs.6,333.2 crores than in 2021-22 but much lower than the total allocation of 38,750 crores in 2020-21.
However, the revised and actual expenditure reveals that the same is much lower than the original allocation. Even though the allocation at Rs.38,750 crores on Samagra Shiksha was high but the actual expenditure shows that only 27,834 crores could be utilised which is 10,915.93 crores (28.17 per cent) less than the original allocation.
- Similarly, the 2021-22 budget allocation of Rs.31,050.16 Crores is now revised to Rs.30,000 Crores, lowered by Rs.1,050 crores (3.22 per cent).
- Money disbursed to states under the Samagra Shiksha may not necessarily be always treated as utilised as most of the time, the instalment is released late and many a time-released just before the budget announcement which is also true for the ongoing annual plan 2021-22.
Budget Allocation on Samagra Shiksha :
2020-21 Rs.38,750.50 Crores Actual Expenditure: Rs.27,834.57 Crores 2021-22 Rs.31,050.16 Crores, Revised Rs.30,000 Crores 2022-23 Rs.37,383.36 Crores
Teachers Training & Adult Education One of the other important Centrally Sponsored Schemes is Teachers Training & Adult Education which has three components, namely the New India Literacy Programme, the appointment of language teachers and Padhna Likhna Abhiyan on which an allocation of Rs.127 Crores has been made in 2022-23 budget as against an actual expenditure of Rs.88.65 crores in 2021-22.
Budget allocation on this scheme in 2021-22 was Rs.250 crores as against the revised budget of only Rs.2.75 crores; thus meaning that activities were not picked up as envisaged. National Scheme for Incentive to Girl Child for Secondary Education The scheme to provide incentives to girls pursuing secondary education was launched in the year 2008-09 the main objective of which was to improve retention and to reduce the drop-outs and also to promote the enrolment of girl children belonging to SC/ST communities in secondary schools.
In view of the low participation at this level of education, the incentive can play an important role but no amount has been allocated to this scheme as against only Rs.1 crore allocated in the previous budget. Maybe the same will now be taken care of by the Samagara Shiksha which covers both elementary as well secondary levels of education.
Education Scheme for Madrasas and Minorities Education Scheme for Madrasas and Minorities was one of the schemes under the Umbrella Programme for the development of minorities for which an amount of Rs.214.28 crores was incurred during the year 2020-21 but in the subsequent year and also in the latest budget 2022-23, no amount has been allocated to this scheme.
The scheme was expected to bring quality improvement in madrasas and enable Muslim children to attain standards of the national education system in the formal education mode. Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman The scheme of the National Programme of Mid Day Meal in Schools launched in 2008-09 was recently renamed as Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman under which cooked food in school is being served to students from Grade I to VIII for which an amount of Rs.10,233.75 crores have been allocated in the 2022-23 budget which is lower than the same allocated in 2021-22 and 2020-21.
- The allocated amount of Rs.10,233 crores in 2022-23 is much lower than the actual expenditure of Rs.12,878.15 crores in 2020-21.
- Even the budgeted allocation of Rs.11,500 crores in 2021-22 is revised to Rs.10,233.75 crores and 2022-23 budget allocation is maintained at this amount.
- Maybe because of the pandemic schools were closed down for almost the last two years but once they are reopened the allocated funds may be found insufficient.
Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States (STARS) The overall focus and components of the STARS project have been aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy 2020 concerning quality based learning outcomes on which an amount of Rs.91.77 crores were utilised as against an allocation of Rs.485 crores in 2021-22.
2020-21 Actual Expenditure: Rs.91.77 Crores 2021-22 Rs.485 Crores, Revised Rs.340 Crores 2022-23 Rs.550 Crores
Digital Mode of Learning Apart from the above, there are allocations on a few other schemes which the Government intend to implement during the year amongst which impetus on the digital mode of learning is worth mentioning. The digital mode of learning is expected to reverse the learning loss because of the pandemic of which children in the government schools, in rural areas, more specifically children from the economic backward households and the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes communities are the worst affected.
Schools are closed for almost two years and there is a great loss of learning. During the pandemic, the digital divide also come into the picture and studies conducted reveals that students do not have access to devices, computers, mobile phones, internet connectivity etc. The enhanced allocation for the Ministry of Education may help in bridging learning gaps through digital learning for which various modes have been proposed.
For this, the Finance Minister while delivering the budget speech announced that “one class-one TV channel programme of PM eVIDYA will be expanded from 12 to 200 TV channels. This will enable all states to provide supplementary education in regional languages for classes 1 to12”.
The Minister also announced that a digital university will be developed which shall provide access to students for world-class quality education, digital infrastructure in rural areas will be improved and a project for optical fibre network and 5G spectrum auction all of which may help in promoting digital education.
In addition, high-quality e-contents in all spoken languages will be developed and delivered through radio, TV, internet, mobile phones and through digital teachers. Of late, the Ministry of Education has prepared a plan to mitigate the learning loss and communicated to States & UTs under which the Centre will offer additional one-time financial support of Rs.10,000/- for tablets to about 2.5 million primary school teachers in 2022-23 under the Sarva Shiksha for which states are asked to incorporate their learning recovering plan guidelines in the annual work plan and budget for the year 2022-23 which will be approved by the ministry after the same is appraised by the Project Approval Board of Samagra Shiksha,
- Additional funding is always welcome but their proper utilisation is going to be a challenging one for which the teachers are to be specially oriented to bridge the learning gaps which is not going to be a simple task.
- The Centre must engage national institutions, like NCERT and NIEPA to develop special training packages which must be part of the annual plan formulation exercise.
The exiting planning methodology needs a total revamping given emerging needs because of the pandemic which is the need of the hour. This has also become necessary because states have been asked by the Ministry to develop annual as well as a perspective plan starting the year 2022-23.
Budget Allocation 2022-23: Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education Budget Allocation 2022-23: Higher Education, Ministry of Education Union Budget 2022-23
What percent of GDP is spent on education?
U.S. and World Education Spending – In the United States, education spending falls short of benchmarks set by international organizations such as UNESCO, of which the U.S. is a member. The nation puts 11.6% of public funding toward education, well below the international standard 15.00%.
- Schools in the United States spend an average of $16,993 per pupil, which is the 7 th -highest amount per pupil (after adjusting to local currency values) among the 37 other developed nations in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
- In terms of a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), the United States ranks 12 th among OECD members in spending on elementary education.
- The United States does not meet UNESCO’s benchmark of a 15.00% share of total public expenditure on education.
- In terms of early childhood education, the United States is one of six (6) countries that do not report any educational spending.
- Luxembourg spends US$22,700 per pupil, which is more than any of the other OECD nations spend on education.
- African nations spend the highest amount on education in terms of a percentage of GDP.
- At 4.96%, the United States spends a smaller percentage of its GDP on education than other developed nations, which average 5.59% of GDP in educational spending.
| Country | Elementary Schools | Secondary Schools |
|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | $12,892 | $20,413 |
| Korea | $11,047 | $12,202 |
| France | $7,395 | $11,747 |
| Slovenia | $8,542 | $8,290 |
| Spain | $7,320 | $9,020 |
| Mexico | $2,874 | $3,129 |
| Colombia | $3,178 | $2,817 |
| Indonesia | $1,514 | $1,435 |
How much is spent on education in India?
India’s education sector has received a 11% hike in the 2022 Union Budget this year. – Education | Written By Aprameya Rao | Updated: Feb 7, 2022 3:10 pm IST | Source: NDTV 
One of the biggest takeaways from Budget 2022 is the focus on digital-enabled education. Image credit: Shutterstock New Delhi: Battered by the two-year-long COVID-19 shutdown and the digital disruption, India’s education sector has received a 11% hike in the 2022 Union Budget this year.
- One of the biggest takeaways from Budget 2022 is the focus on digital-enabled education, including the expansion of the ‘One classroom, one channel’ programme, the establishment of a Digital University, 750 virtual labs for science and mathematics, and the DESH-Stack e-portal for skilling.
- While stress on digital education is in line with the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the education budget continues to hover around 3% of the GDP, which is well below the target of 6% stated by the NEP 2020.
Experts also worry about the continuing digital divide in India. Arguing that the focus on digital learning has exacerbated the existing inequities in society, Srijita Majumder of the RTE Forum says, “The digital divide further deepens when it comes to girls’ access to education.
In such a situation, the reiteration of digital education in FM’s speech showed a lack of priority to bridge the gender divide. ” Arguing that underfunding of the public education system will adversely impact the education of girls, Majumder says, “The National Scheme for Incentive to Girls has been allocated no budget, while the Gender Inclusion Fund has received no mention.” Raju Kendre, Founder and CEO of Eklavya Movement, while terming the ‘One classroom, one channel’ a positive step, says that the government must ensure that the economically backward districts like Nuapada, Gadchiroli, and Bastar get good quality digital infrastructure.
He, however, adds that the reduction in scholarships and grant funds in the 2022 Budget will negatively impact marginalised communities. “The government should promote more national and international scholarships – taking into consideration marginalised or underrepresented communities,” suggests Kendre, adding that the ministry must also regulate the private education sector in India.
The Education Budget crossed the Rs 1 lakh crore mark for the first time. The last time the education budget came close to the Rs 1 lakh crore – mark was in 2020 – Rs 99,311.52 crore.
The education sector has received Rs 1,04,278 crore, a 11% hike from Budget Estimates of 2021-22, when Rs 93,224 crore was allocated. However, the Revised Estimates for the 2021-22 Budget reduced the education budget by over Rs 5,000 crore to Rs 88,002 crore.
The allocation to the education sector is just 2.6 % of the total budget expenditure this year – same as in the year 2020. This is an increase of about 0.15% from 2021.
The department of higher education has been earmarked for Rs 40,828.35 crore, an increase of 6.6% compared to last year. Moreover, the allocation came down by Rs 2,319.08 crore to Rs 36,031.57 in the Revised Estimates for 2021-22.
The department of school education and literacy has seen a 13.51% jump in this year’s allocation, rising from Rs 54,873.66 crore in the 2021 Budget to Rs 63,449.37 crore in this year’s Budget.
The central scholarship / fellowship schemes for the marginalised sections administered by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment have seen a major cut this year. The allocations for such schemes have declined from Rs 1,395 crore in the 2021 Budget to Rs 969.5 crore in this year’s Budget, a 30.53% decrease.
The Maulana Azad Education Foundation, which is funded by the Minority Affairs Ministry and promotes education among educationally backward minorities, has seen a massive 99% cut in its budget, from Rs 90 crore in 2021 to just Rs 0.01 crore this year.
The flagship ‘ Samagra Siksha Abhiyan ‘, which subsumes the erstwhile schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE), has received Rs 37,383.36 crore, which is a 20% hike from Rs 31,050.16 in the 2021-22 Budget.
- PM POSHAN – the rechristened mid-day meal scheme – has been allocated Rs 10,233.75 crore, which incidentally is the same as the Revised Estimates (2021-22) for the national mid-day meal scheme.
- The World Bank-aided ‘ STARS ‘ scheme, which aims to improve school education, has received Rs 550 crore this year. This is a 13.4% increase from Rs.485 crore in the 2021 Budget.
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How much Pakistan spends on education?
Pakistan Education Spending 1993-2022 General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.).
Pakistan education spending for 2019 was 11.59%, a 2.95% decline from 2017. Pakistan education spending for 2017 was 14.54%, a 0.52% decline from 2016. Pakistan education spending for 2016 was 15.06%, a 1.88% increase from 2015. Pakistan education spending for 2015 was 13.19%, a 1.89% increase from 2014.
| Pakistan Education Spending – Historical Data | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Education Spending (% of GDP) | Annual Change |
| 2019 | 11.59% | -2.95% |
| 2017 | 14.54% | -0.52% |
| 2016 | 15.06% | 1.88% |
| 2015 | 13.19% | 1.89% |
| 2014 | 11.30% | -0.21% |
| 2013 | 11.51% | 0.47% |
| 2012 | 11.04% | 0.12% |
| 2011 | 10.92% | -0.94% |
| 2010 | 11.86% | -0.22% |
| 2009 | 12.08% | -2.01% |
| 2008 | 14.10% | -1.35% |
| 2007 | 15.45% | 0.16% |
| 2006 | 15.29% | 1.51% |
| 2005 | 13.78% | 2.55% |
| 2004 | 11.23% | 2.74% |
| 2000 | 8.49% | -2.82% |
| 1999 | 11.31% | -0.45% |
| 1997 | 11.75% | 1.68% |
| 1996 | 10.07% | -0.24% |
| 1995 | 10.31% | 0.94% |
| 1994 | 9.38% | 1.57% |
| 1993 | 7.80% | 1.57% |
Pakistan Education Spending 1993-2022
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Which is the highest public expenditure in India?
How the Indian government spends money? The government of India spends a major share, nearly 50%, of its budget on interest, defence, subsidies, health and education. The remaining is spent on funds for various ministries and states, paying pensions and salaries to its employees, government schemes, the welfare of women, children marginalised communities and development of agriculture and rural areas.
- The government also spends a large sum of money on capital expenditure.
- Nearly 16% of the total expenditure is devoted to the creation of capital.
- How much money does India spend on education? The country spends around 3% of its GDP on education.
- In 2021-22, the government allocated Rs 93,224 crore – a rise of 2.1% from 2019-2020 – to the education budget.
The allocation was distributed among various education schemes, autonomous bodies, mid-day meal programmes, grants to central universities, IITs, UGC, AICTE and NITs. How much money does India spend on healthcare? The government’s expenditure on the healthcare sector has improved to 1.5% of the country’s GDP.
In the 2021-22 Budget, the government allocated Rs 73,932 crore to the ministry of health and family welfare, the nodal healthcare agency in India – this was less than the 2020-21 revised estimates of Rs 82,928 crore. How much money does India spend on defence? Among the various sectors, defence has the highest allocation.
The 2021-22 Union Budget allocated over 13% of its total budget to defence. In the 2021-22 Budget, the government set aside Rs 4,78,196 crore for defence expenditure. This was equal to 3% of its total GDP. This was also the third-highest expenditure on the military by a country.
- How much money does India spend on research and development? In 2018-19, India spent nearly 0.65% of the GDP on research and development.
- The private sector contributes less than 40% to Gross Expenditure on Research and Development.
- How much money does India spend on agriculture? The ministry of agriculture is allocated 4% of the budget.
In 2021-22, the government allocated Rs 1,31,531 crore an annual increase of 14%. The Ministry had estimated an expenditure of Rs 1,42,762 crore in 2020-21, which has been reduced by 13% to Rs 1,24,520 crore at the revised stage.
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Which year GDP is highest in India?
GDP in India averaged 699.64 USD Billion from 1960 until 2021, reaching an all time high of 3173.40 USD Billion in 2021 and a record low of 37.03 USD Billion in 1960. This page provides the latest reported value for – India GDP – plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.
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What is India’s rank in GDP 2022?
Economy of India
| Statistics | |
|---|---|
| GDP | $3.469 trillion (nominal; 2022 est.) $11.665 trillion (PPP; 2022 est.) |
| GDP rank | 5th (nominal; 2022) 3rd (PPP; 2022) |
| GDP growth | 8.7% (2021e) 6.8% (2022f) 13.5% (Q1 2022-23) 6.1% (2023f) |
| GDP per capita | $2,466 (nominal; 2022 est.) $8,293 (PPP; 2022 est.) |
Which country is #1 in education?
Education Rankings by Country 2022
| Country | Rank (2021) | Rank (2020) |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1 |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 2 |
| Germany | 3 | 4 |
| Canada | 4 | 3 |
How much of India’s GDP is spent on healthcare?
Government expenditure on health after rising steadily from 2004-05 to 2017-18 as a percentage of GDP has fallen for the first time in this period to just under 1.3% in 2018-19, just released data from the National Health Accounts shows. Total expenditure on health, which includes what families and insurers spend, has declined over this 15-year period from 4.2% to 3.2% of GDP.
Expenditure by people on healthcare from their own pockets came down from almost 70% of total health expenditure in 2004-05 to 48% by 2018-19, while government health expenditure has increased from 22.5% to 40.6% in the same period. Most of this is accounted for by spending by the state governments as health is largely a state subject.
Times View Providing health and education are two non-negotiable pillars of any welfare state. Government spending at 3% of GDP on healthcare is a widely accepted norm. Even the 2021 Economic Survey recommended that government spending on health should rise to at least 2.5% to 3%.
- That it is far from this target is worrying.
- The government must ensure that the trend is reversed.
- The state which spent the highest proportion of GSDP on health (1.7%) and the highest government spending per capita on health (Rs 3,604) was Himachal Pradesh and the state with the highest out of pocket expenditure as a percentage of GDP (3.5%) and as a percentage of the total health expenditure (71.3%) was UP.
Government spending on health per person was Rs 1,815 while out of pocket expenditure per capita was Rs 2,155. Though overall government spending has increased with the proportion of out-of-pocket spending shrinking, as a percentage of the GDP, government health expenditure was just 1.2% in 2018-19, down from 1.3% in 2017-18. Government hospitals accounted for 17.3% of current health expenditure or recurrent expenditures for healthcare purposes excluding all capital expenditures, while private hospitals accounted for 28.7%. The biggest chunk of current health expenditure was pharmaceuticals (33.8%), including prescription medicines as well as over the counter medicines.
Expenditure on traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine was 4.2% of current health expenditure. Inpatient curative care accounted for 34.6% and outpatient curative care accounted for 18.9%, while preventive care accounted for just 9.4%. The state with the highest spending per capita was Kerala (Rs 9,871) with most of that being accounted for by people spending from their own pocket (Rs 6,772).
The least spending per capita on health was in Bihar, Rs 1,517.
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How much of China GDP is education?
China Government Expenditure: Education data was reported at 227.000 RMB bn in Oct 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 401.900 RMB bn for Sep 2022. China Government Expenditure: Education data is updated monthly, averaging 179.829 RMB bn from Jan 2007 to Oct 2022, with 180 observations.
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How big is the Indian education industry?
Society Education & Science
Premium Premium statistics Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). A paid subscription is required for full access. Published by Sep 12, 2022 In financial year 2020, the market size of the education industry was about 117 billion U.S.
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Who funds education in India?
Jaipur : India needs to spend 6% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on education, every national education policy (NEP) since 1968 has said, In 2019-20, 52 years since that recommendation, India spent only 3.1% of its GDP on education, the 2019-20 Economic Survey showed.
- One of the results of this underspending on public education is that over one million government schools, where over half ( 52% ) of India’s nearly 248 million children study, have remained poorly funded.
- This is among the reasons why learning outcomes in India have been so poor, say experts.
- In this pre-budget explainer, we outline how funds are allocated for government-run schools, how the money is spent, and what more needs to be done for effective financing of the sector.
(While the education budget is divided between school and higher education, this explainer concentrates on early childhood and school education, which is considered the most critical stage of learning and a key to higher incomes and better health in later life.) What the government spends on In India, government spending on school education is mostly for government schools (over one million) and a small proportion goes to government-aided schools (84,623).
- Private schools (326,228) do not receive government funding but they do receive funds for every student enrolled in Grades I to VIII who is from an economically weaker family, under the Right To Education Act, which mandates that schools reserve 25% of positions for disadvantaged students.
- Both the central and state governments spend on education.
Central spending, full and partial The central government contributes to education in two ways: through centrally sponsored schemes and central sector schemes. The first category includes schemes such as the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, a central government programme for school education and teacher training, which are mostly funded in the ratio of 60:40 by the Centre and the state.
In northeastern states, 90% of the funding for centrally sponsored schemes comes from the Union government. Central sector schemes- scholarships for Scheduled Castes and Tribes, the Navodaya school network for exceptionally talented children in rural areas, and the Kendriya Vidyalayas for the children of government employees-are completely funded by the Centre.
But these form a small proportion (1-2%) of education funding in India, as per Mridusmita Bordoloi, senior researcher at the Delhi-based research group Accountability Initiative, The central government also funds the National Council of Educational Research and Training, the government body responsible for designing and publishing textbooks and teacher training. State funding States contribute the most education funds. A state like Maharashtra, for instance, banks on the Centre for only about 7-10% of its school education spending. But Bihar would get 40-50% of its education funding from the central government, said Bordoloi of Accountability Initiative.
Other than contributing to centrally sponsored schemes, states also have their own schemes, such as Bihar’s incentives for girls in secondary school. Many times, other state departments, such as the tribal ministry, may contribute too. States vary greatly in how much they spend on education. Spending, as a share of gross state domestic product (GSDP) in 2017-18, ranged between 4.3% in Bihar and 1.8% in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, found a June 2020 analysis of eight states by Accountability Initiative.
Spending as a proportion of total state government spending varied from 12% in West Bengal and 15% in Bihar, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh, the analysis found. Education expenditure, as a percentage of total government expenditure, declined in six states-Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh-between 2014-15 and 2019-20, according to budget documents, IndiaSpend reported in September 2019.
- Per-student expenditure, a more accurate measure of a state’s education spending, also varies, as figures below show.
- Outlay has remained flat While spending on education has increased in absolute terms since 2014-15, it has remained stagnant at around 10.5% of the total government budget and has only increased from 2.8% of GDP in 2014-15 to 3.1% in 2019-20, as per the government’s 2019-20 Economic Survey,
In 2019-20, India allocated Rs 6.43 lakh crore ($88 billion) of public funds for education, per the Economic Survey, Of this, the central government allocated Rs 56,537 crore ($7.74 billion) to school education-60%-and Rs 38,317 crore ($5.25 billion) to higher education,
Put together, the Centre accounts for 15% of education spending. The rest came from the states and Union Territories. Why this year’s budget is crucial Since March 24, 2020, schools across India have largely remained shut, with online education reaching only a few students, The government allowed phased re-opening of schools after October 15 but most states only began classes for grades IX and higher.
As schools reopen and the government tries to implement the 2020 New Education Policy, India will have to spend more and reallocate how it spends funds, experts have told IndiaSpend, For instance, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, government schools have had to incorporate digital learning, a challenge as only 28% of government schools in 2018-19 had computers and only 12% had an internet connection.
Further, the number of children attending government schools in India could rise because COVID-19 has reduced family incomes, IndiaSpend reported in December, and this could necessitate increased investments in public school networks, experts say. COVID-19 had also impacted state budgets and the release of central government education funds to the states and union territories (UTs).
In 2020-21, education budgets fell in 16 large states, according to an analysis by Accountability Initiative. The central government had released only 29% of the Samagra Shiksha budget to the states by November 24 and states had spent only 26% of their total approved budget by October 31.
- In addition, the National Education Policy emphasises early learning for all children, a revamp of the curriculum to focus on foundational numeracy and literacy in early years, a move away from rote learning and a new assessment system that measures skills and learning rather than memorisation.
- This would need more spending, but experts have said it is unclear where the money will come from though available funds must be reallocated and used more efficiently,
Not nearly enough “All the areas are underfunded in Indian education our entire education budget pie is very small and stagnant for years,” said Protiva Kundu, a researcher at the Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA). Teacher salaries, for instance, make up the largest proportion of education spending across states; yet states do not have the funds to hire permanent teachers to fill vacant posts,
Further, little money is spent on teacher training, which could help improve classroom pedagogy and impact learning. Learning outcomes in India have been poor for years, with children unable to read text or complete activities at their grade level, as we said earlier. You cannot blame teachers for low learning outcomes if there aren’t enough resources to train and prepare them,” Kundu said.
Other major components of education spending include entitlements under the Right to Education Act, such as uniforms and textbooks, mid-day meals, construction and maintenance and incentives. These too vary widely across states, as figures below show.
Along with teacher training, monitoring and supervision and digital infrastructure are underfunded in India’s budget, experts said. You cannot expect every teacher to own a good laptop and internet connection, even as COVID-19 has made online education more important, said Kundu. “If you do everything but monitor teaching and learning in schools regularly, you can’t expect a change in learning outcomes”, because then it is hard to assess the impact of various interventions, Bordoloi pointed out.
Even though education is underfunded, states often do not fully utilise their funds. This could be because of several reasons, including delayed payments to states by the central government as well as conditional allocation by the state towards items that schools do not need to spend on every year.
For instance, does a school need to be painted every year, asks Kundu. Also, if funds are allocated for specific activities, such as building new infrastructure or maintenance, but are not enough to cover the complete cost of that activity, schools might avoid undertaking that activity altogether and hence the funds remain unused, Kundu added.
( Shivani Pathak, an intern with IndiaSpend, contributed to this story.) We welcome feedback. Please write to [email protected], We reserve the right to edit responses for language and grammar.
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Which countries spend the most on education?
Education Spending as a Percentage of GDP – Among the 34 OECD countries reporting data in 2015, 17 countries spent more than the average percentage (5%) of GDP on total government and private expenditures on education institutions for OECD countries.
Norway spent the most on education as a percentage of GDP at 6.4% followed by New Zealand at 6.3%, the United Kingdom at 6.2%, and the United States at 6.1 percent. Conversely, 17 countries spent less than the average percentage of GDP on total education expenditures for OECD countries. Ireland and Luxembourg reported the lowest total education expenditures as a percentage of GDP, both spending 3.5%, followed by Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Greece, all at 3.8%.
The United States spent close to the average percentage of GDP on elementary/secondary education for OECD countries at 3.5%. Fifteen other countries also spent more than the average of OECD countries on elementary/secondary education. Seven of these 16 total countries spent at least 4% of GDP on elementary/secondary education.
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Which country has best education system India or Pakistan?
| STAT | India |
|---|---|
| Primary education, teachers | 3.92 million Ranked 2nd.9 times more than Pakistan |
| Primary education, pupils | 137.75 million Ranked 1st.8 times more than Pakistan |
| Adult literacy rate > Female | 50.82 Ranked 14th.27% more than Pakistan |
| High school > Gender ratio | 85.75 Ranked 116th.13% more than Pakistan |
How much does UAE spend on education?
Education budget: –
The UAE Government allocates a significant share of the federal budget for development of the education system every year, in order to provide quality education services and enhance a knowledge-based economy. The following are the amounts allocated for the education sector for the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 as per the draft budget sheets for those years.
| The federal budget allocated for education in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 | | | | | |
| Year | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| Budget allocated | AED 6.526 billion | AED 10.2 billion | AED 10.4 billion | AED 10.146 billion | AED 10.41 billion |
| Percentage of federal budget allocated to education | 13.44% | 20.5% | 20.23% | 16.8% | 14.8% |
What are the 3 largest expenditures?
Primary Spending Categories – The three primary national spending categories are mandatory spending, discretionary spending and interest on the total national debt. Here are some charts and information about the federal budget and national debt.
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Which is the largest source of revenue in India?
Corporate tax is the single largest source of income to the government of India.
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Which country has highest budget?
List
| Rank | Country | Revenues |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 5,923,829 |
| 2 | USA | 3,622,313 |
| 3 | China | 1,729,224 |
| 4 | Germany | 1,666,454 |
What percent of GDP is spent on health in India?
Government expenditure on health after rising steadily from 2004-05 to 2017-18 as a percentage of GDP has fallen for the first time in this period to just under 1.3% in 2018-19, just released data from the National Health Accounts shows. Total expenditure on health, which includes what families and insurers spend, has declined over this 15-year period from 4.2% to 3.2% of GDP.
Expenditure by people on healthcare from their own pockets came down from almost 70% of total health expenditure in 2004-05 to 48% by 2018-19, while government health expenditure has increased from 22.5% to 40.6% in the same period. Most of this is accounted for by spending by the state governments as health is largely a state subject.
Times View Providing health and education are two non-negotiable pillars of any welfare state. Government spending at 3% of GDP on healthcare is a widely accepted norm. Even the 2021 Economic Survey recommended that government spending on health should rise to at least 2.5% to 3%.
That it is far from this target is worrying. The government must ensure that the trend is reversed. The state which spent the highest proportion of GSDP on health (1.7%) and the highest government spending per capita on health (Rs 3,604) was Himachal Pradesh and the state with the highest out of pocket expenditure as a percentage of GDP (3.5%) and as a percentage of the total health expenditure (71.3%) was UP.
Government spending on health per person was Rs 1,815 while out of pocket expenditure per capita was Rs 2,155. Though overall government spending has increased with the proportion of out-of-pocket spending shrinking, as a percentage of the GDP, government health expenditure was just 1.2% in 2018-19, down from 1.3% in 2017-18. Government hospitals accounted for 17.3% of current health expenditure or recurrent expenditures for healthcare purposes excluding all capital expenditures, while private hospitals accounted for 28.7%. The biggest chunk of current health expenditure was pharmaceuticals (33.8%), including prescription medicines as well as over the counter medicines.
- Expenditure on traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine was 4.2% of current health expenditure.
- Inpatient curative care accounted for 34.6% and outpatient curative care accounted for 18.9%, while preventive care accounted for just 9.4%.
- The state with the highest spending per capita was Kerala (Rs 9,871) with most of that being accounted for by people spending from their own pocket (Rs 6,772).
The least spending per capita on health was in Bihar, Rs 1,517.
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What percentage of GDP does India spend on infrastructure?
For financial year 2021, the proportion of infrastructure investments to the gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated to be nearly four percent. After years of stable ratios between four and five percent, it lowered since 2019.
| Characteristic | Spending to GDP ratio |
|---|---|
| – | – |
What percentage of GDP is spent on education in India in 1952?
Human Capital Human capital and economic growth have always gone hand in hand. The Indian government has stated, “Human resources development has necessarily to be assigned a key role in development strategy, particularly in a country with such a large population.” The country knows that in order to improve its human capital it must invest in education.
Education Climate Education in India is provided by both private and public schools. The ratio of public to private is approximately 7:5. Education under the Indian constitution remains compulsory and free ages 6-14. India’s improved education is cited as a key factor to its improved economic development.
Growth in Expenditure The Indian government has committed to increasing its spending on education in the country. The two primary ways to do this are through:
A percentage of total government expenditure As a percentage of GDP
The percentage of spending from the government is a reflection of the value the Indian government places on education. From 1952 – 2010 government expenditure on education went from 7.92% to 11.10%. During this time, however, the increase in GDP went from 0.64% to 3.25% (LINK 1).
- Through these numbers we can see that the Indian government places a high value on educating its citizens.
- Primary Issues – Literacy and Attainment The country’s education system faces a number of challenges.
- Two of which are literacy and attainment of education.
- Literacy In the 2011 census, “every person over the age of 7 who can read and write is considered literate”.
With this as the standard the youth literacy rate in India is approximately 75%. There are 27 Indian states, each governed differently. Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 93%, The gender gap in literacy remains high, according to census’. The state of Rajasthan has the lowest literacy rate for women at 52%.
- Men in the same state, however, sit at an 80% literacy rate.
- This leaves a 28% divide.
- Attainment There is a high enrollment rate for primary school due to it being compulsory.
- Despite this, over half drop out by age 14.
- In 2009 the PISA exam was administered to two Indian states.
- The PISA exam is a standardized test taken by 15 year olds, globally, every three years.
Both participating Indian states ranked at the very bottom, only outranking Kyrgyzstan. The states fell 2 standard deviations below average.
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