About Kamaraj And His Role In Education?

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About Kamaraj And His Role In Education
Chief Minister – On 13 April 1954, Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Madras Province, To everyone’s surprise, Kamaraj nominated C. Subramaniam, who had contested his leadership, to the newly formed cabinet, As Chief Minister, Kamaraj removed the family vocation based Modified Scheme of Elementary education 1953 introduced by Rajaji,

  • He reopened 6000 schools closed in the previous government by C.
  • Rajagopalachari citing financial reasons and reopened 12,000 more schools.
  • The State made immense strides in education and trade.
  • New schools were opened, so that poor rural students had to walk no more than three kilometres to their nearest school.

Better facilities were added to existing ones. No village remained without a primary school and no panchayat without a high school. Kamaraj strove to eradicate illiteracy by introducing free and compulsory education up to the eleventh standard. He introduced the Midday Meal Scheme to provide at least one meal per day to the lakhs of poor school children. Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Statue in Kamaraj Colony, Hosur During the colonial era, the local education rate was at 7%; after Kamaraj’s reforms, it reached 37%. Apart from increasing the number of schools, steps were taken to improve standards of education.

To improve standards, the number of working days was increased from 180 to 200; unnecessary holidays were reduced; and syllabi were prepared to give opportunity to various abilities. Kamaraj and Bishnuram Medhi (Governor) took efforts to establish IIT Madras in 1959. Major irrigation schemes were planned in Kamaraj’s period.

Dams and irrigation canals were built across higher Bhavani, Mani Muthar, Aarani, Vaigai, Amaravathi, Sathanur, Krishnagiri, Pullambadi, Parambikulam and Neyyaru among others. The Lower Bhavani Dam in Erode district brought 207,000 acres (840 km 2 ) of land under cultivation.45,000 acres (180 km 2 ) of land benefited from canals constructed from the Mettur Dam,

  • The Vaigai and Sathanur systems facilitated cultivation across thousands of acres of lands in Madurai and North Arcot districts respectively.
  • Rs 30 crores were planned to be spent for Parambikulam River scheme, and 150 lakhs of acres of lands were brought under cultivation; one third of this (i.e.56 lakhs of acres of land) received a permanent irrigation facility.

In 1957–61 1,628 tanks were de-silted under the Small Irrigation Scheme, and 2,000 wells were dug with outlets. Long-term loans with 25% subsidy were given to farmers. In addition farmers who had dry lands were given oil engines and electric pump sets on an instalment basis.
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Chief Minister – On 13 April 1954, Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Madras Province, To everyone’s surprise, Kamaraj nominated C. Subramaniam, who had contested his leadership, to the newly formed cabinet, As Chief Minister, Kamaraj removed the family vocation based Modified Scheme of Elementary education 1953 introduced by Rajaji,

He reopened 6000 schools closed in the previous government by C. Rajagopalachari citing financial reasons and reopened 12,000 more schools. The State made immense strides in education and trade. New schools were opened, so that poor rural students had to walk no more than three kilometres to their nearest school.

Better facilities were added to existing ones. No village remained without a primary school and no panchayat without a high school. Kamaraj strove to eradicate illiteracy by introducing free and compulsory education up to the eleventh standard. He introduced the Midday Meal Scheme to provide at least one meal per day to the lakhs of poor school children. Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Statue in Kamaraj Colony, Hosur During the colonial era, the local education rate was at 7%; after Kamaraj’s reforms, it reached 37%. Apart from increasing the number of schools, steps were taken to improve standards of education.

  1. To improve standards, the number of working days was increased from 180 to 200; unnecessary holidays were reduced; and syllabi were prepared to give opportunity to various abilities.
  2. Amaraj and Bishnuram Medhi (Governor) took efforts to establish IIT Madras in 1959.
  3. Major irrigation schemes were planned in Kamaraj’s period.

Dams and irrigation canals were built across higher Bhavani, Mani Muthar, Aarani, Vaigai, Amaravathi, Sathanur, Krishnagiri, Pullambadi, Parambikulam and Neyyaru among others. The Lower Bhavani Dam in Erode district brought 207,000 acres (840 km 2 ) of land under cultivation.45,000 acres (180 km 2 ) of land benefited from canals constructed from the Mettur Dam,

The Vaigai and Sathanur systems facilitated cultivation across thousands of acres of lands in Madurai and North Arcot districts respectively. Rs 30 crores were planned to be spent for Parambikulam River scheme, and 150 lakhs of acres of lands were brought under cultivation; one third of this (i.e.56 lakhs of acres of land) received a permanent irrigation facility.

In 1957–61 1,628 tanks were de-silted under the Small Irrigation Scheme, and 2,000 wells were dug with outlets. Long-term loans with 25% subsidy were given to farmers. In addition farmers who had dry lands were given oil engines and electric pump sets on an instalment basis.
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Who started free education in Tamilnadu?

From school dropout to crusader of free education July 15, 2014 02:07 am | Updated April 22, 2016 01:10 am IST – CHENNAI Chief Minister of Madras K. Kamaraj serves ‘kanji’ (rice gruel) to schoolstudents at Sri Devalai’s agricultural farm at Katpadi on October 29, 1954.

He was a sixth grade dropout, besides being a mediocre student. But K. Kamaraj was the first to contribute to the expansion of free education in the State during the three consecutive terms he served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 1954 to 1963. While his political predecessor C. Rajagopalachari lost power owing to his controversial insistence on kula kalvi (caste-appropriate education), Kamaraj catered to the aspirations of the masses, making both primary and higher schooling free for everyone.

On the occasion of his birth anniversary, July 15, The Hindu spoke to educationists and political commentators to revisit the contributions made by him in the field of education. “It was a stroke of genius to have made the Finance and Education Ministries to be under one single Minister, a senior minister C.

  • Subramaniam.
  • So expansion of education did not suffer for want of funds,” recalled leading educationist S.S.
  • Rajagopalan.
  • While the State’s budget hovered around Rs.100 crore, nearly 30 per cent was allotted to education during his time.
  • It is well known that Kamaraj encouraged his officials to travel across the State and encourage people to send their children to schools.

This resulted in massive enrolment. By 1962, 85 per cent of school students had access to free education. In 1964, Tamil Nadu became the first State to introduce free education up to Standard XI. Congress leader and Editor of Desiya Murasu, A. Gopanna, explained how Kamaraj decided to introduce the noon-meal scheme in schools. When he realised that feeding school children would cost the exchequer nearly Rs.1 crore a year, he encouraged common people to donate rice and pulses towards the project. “It led to a massive people-led educational charity movement across the State,” Mr.

  • Gopanna said.
  • Later, Chief Minister M.G.
  • Ramachandran further expanded the scope and reach of the scheme.
  • Historian A.R.
  • Venkatachalapathy, a faculty member at the Madras Institute of Development Studies, regretted that there was a dearth of extensive documentation of his life or work.
  • What you mostly have are impressionistic accounts,” he said.
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Wrong political moves like opting to contest elections from Nagercoil, forming an alliance with Rajaji, and appointing an unpopular politician M. Bhaktavatsalam his political successor and the later decimation of the Congress from the mainstream of the State politics for the past 50 years have resulted in his invisibility.

Pazha Nedumaran, former TNCC member and Editor of Then Seidi, narrated a touching anecdote. “When his mother Sivakami was unwell, I travelled with him to his home at Virudhunagar to visit her. She insisted that he eat at home but since he had work to attend to, he left for Madurai, saying he would eat at work.

A few days later his mother passed away, and Kamarajar told me he had not eaten home food for 30 years.” The story sums up the life of a man who gave up the simple pleasures of home food, while ensuring children across schools were fed. : From school dropout to crusader of free education
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What did Kamaraj do in Madras?

Who was K. Kamaraj? Everything You Need to Know Childhood & Early Life Kumaraswami Kamaraj was born on July 15, 1903 at Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu to Kumaraswamy and Sivakamiv Ammaiar. His father was a merchant. He had a younger sister Nagammal. In 1907, Kamaraj enrolled at a traditional school.

  1. The following year, he enrolled at the Yenadhi Narayana Vidhya Salai but after a year of studies he shifted to Virudupatti High School.
  2. Tragedy struck young Kamaraj when he was merely six.
  3. His father died and his mother was forced to support her family.
  4. To help his mother, Kamaraj dropped out of school in 1914 to support his family.

Continue Reading Below Career Kamaraj started his career doing odd jobs. He worked at his uncle’s provision shop. It was during this time that Kamaraj developed interest in politics. He was an avid newspaper reader and kept himself updated with the current events.

He soon became involved with the political processions and public meetings and acquainted himself with the Indian Home Rule Movement. The 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a turning point in Kamaraj’s life. The killing of innocent people instigated a rage of fury and vehemence in Kamaraj who decided to work actively in India’s struggle for freedom and bring an end to British Raj.

Kamaraj’s growing interest in politics was not supported by his family who sent him to Thiruvananthapuram where his second uncle stayed. However, Kamaraj’s passion for politics could not be curtailed in Thiruvananthapuram as well. He participated in the Vaikom Satyagraha led by George Joseph of the Congress, against the atrocities of the higher caste Hindus on the Harijans.

  • Amaraj met Mahatma Gandhi, India’s face of freedom struggle, at the Madurai’s Congress meet.
  • He was inspired by the latter’s simplicity and non-violence movement.
  • His political activities in Thiruvananthapuram annoyed his family to the point that he was called back.
  • Though the elders in the family persuaded Kamaraj to stop getting involved in country’s politics, it was without much result.

They even tried to marry him off but Kamaraj resolutely disagreed. In 1920, he joined Congress as a full time worker. He actively worked as political campaigner, organizing public meetings and carrying the Congress propaganda. Early in his career as a political activist, he participated in many events as a part of the Non-Violent Movement including the Nagpur Flag Satyagraha, Sword Satyagraha, Neil Statue Satyagraha and so on.

  • After joining the Congress, he participated in almost all agitations and demonstrations against the British rule.
  • In 1930, Kamaraj participated in the Rajagopalachari-led Salt Satyagraha Movement in Vedaranyam.
  • He was sentenced for two years.
  • However, his term of imprisonment was cut short following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that led to his release in 1931.

In 1932, despite ban on public meetings and procession in Madras, he led processions and demonstrations which subsequently led to his arrest and one year imprisonment. In 1933, Kamaraj was yet again charged with involvement in the Virudhunagar bomb case.

However, he was acquitted after not being found guilty. In 1936, Kamaraj’s guru Satyamurti was elected President of the Provincial Congress. The latter appointed Kamaraj as the General Secretary. Four years later, the duo swapped positions strengthening the party base through their leadership skills. Continue Reading Below In 1942, he attended the All India Congress Meet in Bombay where Gandhi’s Quit India Movement bore its roots.

He spread the propaganda material to Trichy, Tanjore, Ranipet and Madurai and for the same was arrested and imprisoned for three years. During his term in jail, he read and self-educated himself After India’s independence in 1947 he was elected a member of the Working Committee of the Congress.

He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the constitution. In 1951 he contested and won a seat in the elections to the first Lok Sabha. In 1954, he was elected as the Chief Minister of the Madras State. He reluctantly took up the post and nominated his co-contestants C. Subramaniam and M.

Bhakthavatsalam in his cabinet. Kamaraj’s motto as Chief Minister was to work for the welfare of the people. Under Kamaraj, Madras made immense progress in education and trade. New schools were opened and education was made free and compulsory for all up to 11th Standard.

Every village had a primary school and every Panchayat a high school. He even introduced the concept of Mid-Day Meal Scheme for lakhs of poor and deprived children. To eradicate caste, creed and class differences, he introduced school uniform. Such was the progress under his administration that the education rate augmented from merely 7% to 37%.

Education was the primary focus of Kamaraj’s Government but he did not overlook other sectors. In fact, he came up with major irrigation schemes that led to the building of dams and canals. Farmers were given facilities and subsidized loans. He also administered the setting up of major industries under his governance such as Neyveli Lignite Corporation, BHEL, Manali Oil Refinery, Hindustan raw photo film factory, surgical instruments factory, a railway coach factory and so on.

  1. Industries such as paper, sugar, chemicals and cement were also established during this period.
  2. Amaraj’s excellence as a leader and administrator was evident from the fact that he remained the Chief Minister of the State for three consecutive terms, being re-elected in 1957 and later in 1962.
  3. Under his administration, Nehru claimed Madras to be the ‘best administered state in India’ In 1963, he resigned from his post of the Chief Minister to serve a greater purpose.

Congress which was losing its vigour and shine needed a revamp of sorts. He came up with a plan which was called the ‘Kamaraj Plan’. He proposed that all senior Congress leaders should resign from their post and devote their energy towards revitalization of the Congress.

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It was mainly done to refrain the leaders from the temptation of power and instead re-commit them to party objectives and motto. The Plan was a major hit as a number of ministers like Lal Bahadur Shastri, Jagjivan Ram, Morarji Desai and S.K. Patil resigned from their posts. In 1964, he was elected the President of the All India Congress.

During his term as the President, he successfully steered the nation through the stormy years post Nehru’s death. He refused to take up Prime Ministerial office twice, giving it to Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi in 1964 and 1966 respectively. During the 1969 split of Congress, Kamaraj became the leader of the Indian National Congress (Organisation) in Tamil Nadu.

However, in 1971 the party failed miserably but he retained his position until his death in 1975. Major Works Though Kamaraj’s role in politics was significant all through, starting off as a political activist and later as the prominent leader of the Indian Independence Movement, his most important contribution came later in his career as the Chief Minister of Madras State.

Under his governance, Madras became one of the best administered states of the country. He emphasized on educational reforms, introducing free compulsory education. He established new schools and introduced the concept of midday meal scheme under which lakhs of poor and deprived children were provided food.

He also tried to get rid of caste and creed differences. Irrigation and industry also prospered and grew under his three-consecutive term governance. Personal Life & Legacy Kamaraj breathed his last on October 2, 1975 in his sleep. He was 72 years of age. Posthumously, Kamaraj was bestowed with the nation’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1976.

He was proclaimed with the title of ‘Kalvi Thanthai’ or Father of Education in Tamil Nadu. Chennai airport named its domestic terminal ‘Kamaraj Terminal’. Several roads and streets across the country are named to honor Kamaraj’s contribution in Indian politics and governance such as Chennai’s beach road which bears the name ‘Kamarajar Salai’.
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Why did Kamaraj drop out of school?

KAMARAJAR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EDUCATION Kumarasami Kamaraj Born July 15 th 1903 in Virudhunagar was a well-known Indian political leader, freedom fighter and former chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The nation widely acknowledged him as the “KINGMAKER” in Indian politics (during the 1960s).

He was referred as “Kamarajar”, “Perunthalaivar”,”Padikkatha methai” in tamilnadu. (Kamaraj, admired for his simplicity and integrity, had a long and illustrious political career as Member of Legislative Assembly from 1954 to 1967 and as Member of Parliament initially from 1952 to 1954 and then from 1969 to 1975.

He also served as President of Tamil Nadu Congress from 1940 to 1954 and as President of All India Congress from 1963 to 1971.) Considering his contribution towards education his birth anniversary is been celebrated as “Educational Development day”. On occasion of this day I would like to emphasis few of his contribution towards education.

When Kamarajar came to power, he quickly realizes that Students were lacking with educational institutions. Illiteracy rate is much higher than the voters turn around. Illiterate parents were reluctant to send their children to school as they never felt the importance of education as he does. (Kamaraj was not a good student in school and dropped out when he was in the sixth grade.

When he entered mainstream public life he felt handicapped and realized the importance of a good education. He educated himself during his periods of imprisonment and even learned English from his co-worker). All this made Kamarajar to take reform steps and made universal educational initiations.

During his tenure as chief minister of Tamilnadu(then called Madras) (from April 13 1954 to 1963) introduced various reforms & revolutionized the education system. Here I am going to talk about 3 most important reforms of them.1. Putting end to retrograde policies: During the tenure of Rajaji, nearly 6000 schools were closed citing financial constraints also introduced hereditary-based vocational education scheme which required students to learn the traditional caste occupation of their families.

This scheme was strongly opposed from all political quarters and which made Rajaji resign as Chief Minister of Tamilnadu. Following which, Kamaraj was chosen to be the Chief Minister by the Congress Party. He took the responsibility and went about rectifying the education system.

  • Putting an end to retrograde policies such as the hereditary-based vocational education scheme, Kamaraj also reopened 6,000 schools that were previously closed and opened 12,000 more new schools.
  • Those efforts were taken to start schools in almost every village with a population of over 300.
  • Realizing the importance of the mother tongue, Kamaraj took steps to introduce Tamil as medium of instruction in schools and government arts colleges, publish textbooks on scientific and technical subjects in Tamil, encourage use of Tamil in courts of law and use Tamil typewriters in government offices.) 2.

Free Education and uniforms : Kamaraj took charge to eradicate/remove illiteracy in state by introducing free and compulsory education up to eleventh standard. The Government provided exemption of school fees to poor children and also introduced and provided uniforms to weed out caste, creed and class distinction among the young minds.3.

  • Midday Meal Scheme : The most revolutionary change initiated by Kamaraj was the introduction of the Midday Meal scheme, through which primary school children were provided with one meal in panchayat and government-run schools.
  • It is said this scheme was inspired by an incident which took place when Kamaraj was at a train intersection near the town of Cheranmahadevi in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu.

Kamaraj, while waiting for the train to cross, noticed young boys tending to their goats and cattle. He asked one small boy, “What are you doing with the cows? Why didn’t you go to school?”. The boy immediately answered, “If I go to school, will you give me food to eat? I can learn only if I eat.” The boy’s casual yet insightful response triggered the entire process into establishing the Midday Meal Scheme.) The scheme was officially launched in 1956 with the twin objectives of increasing enrolment of students from all mass and reducing drop-out of students from schools.

(It is believed to be the first such Government initiative anywhere in the world to provide lunch at schools. Such heartening results inspired Dr Manmohan Singh, as the Union Minister of Finance in 1995, to suggest that the scheme be implemented all over India under the ‘National Programme for Nutrition Support to Primary Education ‘In Tamil Nadu, the scheme has undergone several changes such as the inclusion of eggs and vitamin tablets to improve the nutritional value of the meals.) (Though it is difficult to measure the success of the Midday Meal Scheme in isolation, its contribution to reduction of drop-out rates, increasing enrolment and improving nutritional status of children is beyond doubt.) Conclusion: Virtue of all his efforts and policy, during the tenure of Kamaraj, the percentage of school going children in the age group of 6 to 11 years increased from 45% to 75%.

Boosted up the literacy rate from 7% to over 38% in Tamil Nadu region. It was considered as the first steps taken towards the universalization of primary education by any government in India. The Midday Meal Scheme has been enhanced by successive governments and has now been adopted across the country.

  • Contribution of Kamarajar to educational field made the villages to have at least the primary education (P.E).
  • He breathed his laws on October 2, 1975.
  • In1976, posthumously he was honored with “Bharat Ratna” by the government of India.
  • The golden words of Kamarajar to the young students are, ‘ Face the problem don’t evade it, find the solution for the problem’.
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: KAMARAJAR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EDUCATION
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How did Kamaraj rectify the education system?

KAMARAJAR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EDUCATION Kumarasami Kamaraj Born July 15 th 1903 in Virudhunagar was a well-known Indian political leader, freedom fighter and former chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The nation widely acknowledged him as the “KINGMAKER” in Indian politics (during the 1960s).

He was referred as “Kamarajar”, “Perunthalaivar”,”Padikkatha methai” in tamilnadu. (Kamaraj, admired for his simplicity and integrity, had a long and illustrious political career as Member of Legislative Assembly from 1954 to 1967 and as Member of Parliament initially from 1952 to 1954 and then from 1969 to 1975.

He also served as President of Tamil Nadu Congress from 1940 to 1954 and as President of All India Congress from 1963 to 1971.) Considering his contribution towards education his birth anniversary is been celebrated as “Educational Development day”. On occasion of this day I would like to emphasis few of his contribution towards education.

  1. When Kamarajar came to power, he quickly realizes that Students were lacking with educational institutions.
  2. Illiteracy rate is much higher than the voters turn around.
  3. Illiterate parents were reluctant to send their children to school as they never felt the importance of education as he does.
  4. Amaraj was not a good student in school and dropped out when he was in the sixth grade.

When he entered mainstream public life he felt handicapped and realized the importance of a good education. He educated himself during his periods of imprisonment and even learned English from his co-worker). All this made Kamarajar to take reform steps and made universal educational initiations.

During his tenure as chief minister of Tamilnadu(then called Madras) (from April 13 1954 to 1963) introduced various reforms & revolutionized the education system. Here I am going to talk about 3 most important reforms of them.1. Putting end to retrograde policies: During the tenure of Rajaji, nearly 6000 schools were closed citing financial constraints also introduced hereditary-based vocational education scheme which required students to learn the traditional caste occupation of their families.

This scheme was strongly opposed from all political quarters and which made Rajaji resign as Chief Minister of Tamilnadu. Following which, Kamaraj was chosen to be the Chief Minister by the Congress Party. He took the responsibility and went about rectifying the education system.

  1. Putting an end to retrograde policies such as the hereditary-based vocational education scheme, Kamaraj also reopened 6,000 schools that were previously closed and opened 12,000 more new schools.
  2. Those efforts were taken to start schools in almost every village with a population of over 300.
  3. Realizing the importance of the mother tongue, Kamaraj took steps to introduce Tamil as medium of instruction in schools and government arts colleges, publish textbooks on scientific and technical subjects in Tamil, encourage use of Tamil in courts of law and use Tamil typewriters in government offices.) 2.

Free Education and uniforms : Kamaraj took charge to eradicate/remove illiteracy in state by introducing free and compulsory education up to eleventh standard. The Government provided exemption of school fees to poor children and also introduced and provided uniforms to weed out caste, creed and class distinction among the young minds.3.

Midday Meal Scheme : The most revolutionary change initiated by Kamaraj was the introduction of the Midday Meal scheme, through which primary school children were provided with one meal in panchayat and government-run schools. (It is said this scheme was inspired by an incident which took place when Kamaraj was at a train intersection near the town of Cheranmahadevi in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu.

Kamaraj, while waiting for the train to cross, noticed young boys tending to their goats and cattle. He asked one small boy, “What are you doing with the cows? Why didn’t you go to school?”. The boy immediately answered, “If I go to school, will you give me food to eat? I can learn only if I eat.” The boy’s casual yet insightful response triggered the entire process into establishing the Midday Meal Scheme.) The scheme was officially launched in 1956 with the twin objectives of increasing enrolment of students from all mass and reducing drop-out of students from schools.

It is believed to be the first such Government initiative anywhere in the world to provide lunch at schools. Such heartening results inspired Dr Manmohan Singh, as the Union Minister of Finance in 1995, to suggest that the scheme be implemented all over India under the ‘National Programme for Nutrition Support to Primary Education ‘In Tamil Nadu, the scheme has undergone several changes such as the inclusion of eggs and vitamin tablets to improve the nutritional value of the meals.) (Though it is difficult to measure the success of the Midday Meal Scheme in isolation, its contribution to reduction of drop-out rates, increasing enrolment and improving nutritional status of children is beyond doubt.) Conclusion: Virtue of all his efforts and policy, during the tenure of Kamaraj, the percentage of school going children in the age group of 6 to 11 years increased from 45% to 75%.

Boosted up the literacy rate from 7% to over 38% in Tamil Nadu region. It was considered as the first steps taken towards the universalization of primary education by any government in India. The Midday Meal Scheme has been enhanced by successive governments and has now been adopted across the country.

  1. Contribution of Kamarajar to educational field made the villages to have at least the primary education (P.E).
  2. He breathed his laws on October 2, 1975.
  3. In1976, posthumously he was honored with “Bharat Ratna” by the government of India.
  4. The golden words of Kamarajar to the young students are, ‘ Face the problem don’t evade it, find the solution for the problem’.

: KAMARAJAR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EDUCATION
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How many schools were opened during Kamaraj’s reign?

Kamaraj’s reign saw the healthy growth of arts colleges, two physical education colleges, 10 teachers training colleges and 39 teacher training schools. New schools within a perimeter of five miles from residence of the students were opened.
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