Education Portal for Students in India

National Education Day 2022 : National Education Day is being celebrated in India today, on November 11, 2022 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Education Minister of India, To honor Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Ministry of Human Resource Development announced November 11 as ‘ National Education Day ‘ on September 11, 2008.

National Education Day 2022: Significance Maulana Abul Kamal Azad was the Education Minister of India from August 15, 1947 till February 2, 1958. He was an Indian Independence activist, Islamic theologian, writer and a senior leader of Indian National Congress. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad played a vital role in shaping the education system of India.

He always emphasized on Girl’s education and free compulsory education for all the children under the age of 14. Apart from basic education, he encouraged to provide technical education along with vocational training to all the children. He wanted to see this country growing in terms of education and he strongly believed that if the education system of a country is strong enough, then there will be no poverty and illiteracy so with a great vision he has always encouraged people by spreading awareness regarding Education and also tried hard to build the Education system as strong as it could be.

• National Education Day 2022: Theme Of The Year The Ministry of Human Resource Development sets a different theme for National Education Day every year.
• The theme of this year is “Changing Course, Transforming Education.” This theme indicates that there is a need of reforming the education system and make it adaptable to the current times.

National Education Day 2022: Contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Aazad The University Grant Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), like Jamia Millia Islamia and IIT Kharagpur Secondary School Board were established during his tenure.

He also contributed in establishing Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Sahitya Academy, Lalit Kala Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. National Education Day 2022: How it is celebrated?? National Education Day is celebrated every year. People host several informative seminars, essay symposiums, and rallies at various schools and other education institutions.

Schools authorities conduct different types of educational programmes in which they talk about the importance of education in their lives. Some people even distribute stationary material to the unprivileged children and make them understand the role of the education and also encourage them to take basic education.
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What is the importance of the day November 11?

National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year.
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What are the contributions of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad?

Who was Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad? –

Birth: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, originally named Muhiyuddin Ahmad, was born in 1888 in Mecca, Saudi-Arabia.

Azad was a brilliant debater, as indicated by his name – “Abul Kalam” which literally means “Lord of Dialogues”.

Brief Profile:

He donned many hats of being a journalist, freedom fighter, politician, and educationist.

Contributions (Pre-Independence):

He was a proponent of Hindu Muslim unity, opposed to Partition.

In 1912, he started a weekly journal in Urdu called Al-Hilal which played an important role in forging Hindu-Muslim unity after the bad blood created between the two communities in the aftermath of Morley-Minto reforms (1909).

Under the 1909 reforms, the provision of separate electorates for Muslims was resented by Hindu.

The government regarded Al- Hilal as a propagator of secessionist views and banned it in 1914. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad then started another weekly called Al-Balagh with the same mission of propagating Indian nationalism and revolutionary ideas based on Hindu-Muslim unity.

In 1916, the government banned this paper too and expelled Maulana Abul Kalam Azad from Calcutta and exiled him to Bihar from where he was released after the First World War 1920.

Azad supported the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) started by Gandhiji and entered the Indian National Congress in 1920.

In 1923, he was elected as the president of Indian National Congress. At an age of 35, he became the youngest person to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress.

Maulana Azad was arrested in 1930 for violation of the salt laws as part of Gandhiji’s Salt Satyagraha. He was put in Meerut jail for a year and a half. He again became the president of Congress in 1940 and remained in the post till 1946.

An Educationist:

In the field of education, Maulana Azad had been an uncompromising exponent of universalism, a truly liberal and humanitarian educational system. Azad’s ideal was a fusion of the Eastern and Western concepts of man, to create a fully integrated personality. Whereas the Eastern concept dwelt on spiritual excellence and individual salvation, the Western concept laid stress on worldly achievements and social progress. He was one of the founding members of the Jamia Millia Islamia University, originally established at Aligarh in the United Provinces in 1920.

His Works: Basic Concept of Quran, Ghubar-eKhatir, Dars-e-Wafa, India Wins Freedom, etc. Contributions (Post-Independence):

In 1947, he became the first education minister of free India and remained at this post till his death in 1958. In his tenure, he did tremendous work for the upliftment of the country.

The first IIT, IISc, School of Planning and Architecture and the University Grants Commission were established under his tenure as the education minister.

Indian Council for Cultural Relations, for introduction of Indian culture to other nations. Following three academics were formed:

Sahitya Academy for development of literature; Sangeet Natak Academy for the development of Indian music and dance; Lalit Kala Academy for the development of painting.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna in 1992.

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When was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad born?

Abul Kalam Azad, original name Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin, also called Maulana Abul Kalam Azad or Maulana Azad, (born November 11, 1888, Mecca —died February 22, 1958, New Delhi, India), Islamic theologian who was one of the leaders of the Indian independence movement against British rule in the first half of the 20th century.

He was highly respected throughout his life as a man of high moral integrity, Azad was the son of an Indian Muslim scholar living in Mecca and his Arabic wife. The family moved back to India (Calcutta ) when he was young, and he received a traditional Islamic education at home from his father and other Islamic scholars rather than at a madrasah (Islamic school).

However, he was also influenced by the emphasis that Indian educator Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan placed on getting a well-rounded education, and he learned English without his father’s knowledge. Azad became active in journalism when he was in his late teens, and in 1912 he began publishing a weekly Urdu-language newspaper in Calcutta, Al-Hilal (“The Crescent”).

1. The paper quickly became highly influential in the Muslim community for its anti-British stance, notably for its criticism of Indian Muslims who were loyal to the British.
2. Al-Hilal was soon banned by British authorities, as was a second weekly newspaper that he had started.
3. By 1916 he had been banished to Ranchi (in present-day Jharkhand state), where he remained until the beginning of 1920.

Back in Calcutta, he joined the Indian National Congress (Congress Party) and galvanized India’s Muslim community through an appeal to pan-Islamic ideals. He was particularly active in the short-lived Khilafat movement (1920–24), which defended the Ottoman sultan as the caliph (the head of the worldwide Muslim community) and even briefly enlisted the support of Mohandas K.

1. Gandhi, Azad and Gandhi became close, and Azad was involved in Gandhi’s various civil-disobedience ( satyagraha ) campaigns, including the Salt March (1930).
2. He was imprisoned several times between 1920 and 1945, including for his participation in the anti-British Quit India campaign during World War II,

Azad was president of the Congress Party in 1923 and again in 1940–46—though the party was largely inactive during much of his second term, since nearly all of its leadership was in prison. After the war Azad was one of the Indian leaders who negotiated for Indian independence with the British.

• He tirelessly advocated for a single India that would embrace both Hindus and Muslims while strongly opposing the partition of British India into independent India and Pakistan,
• He later blamed both Congress Party leaders and Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, for the ultimate division of the subcontinent.

After the two separate countries were established, he served as minister of education in the Indian government of Jawaharlal Nehru from 1947 until his death. His autobiography, India Wins Freedom, was published posthumously in 1959. In 1992, decades after his death, Azad was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.
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Why is November 11 the luckiest day of the year?

Why Is 11:11 Good Luck? – You have probably heard the famous saying, “Make a wish when the clock shows 11:11!” To some, this means more than a fun statement. Making a wish at time 11:11 is thought to be a strong time to set a goal of what you want to manifest in the world. Make a wish at 11:11 on 11/11! Numerologists believe that November 11 is the luckiest day of the year (day 11 in month 11) because of its full potential for wish-granting, especially when it is done at 11:11!
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What personality is Nov 11?

Profile for November 11 –

Sensitive and idealistic, you are an energetic Scorpio with tremendous mental potential if you are willing to discipline yourself through focusing on your objectives. Versatile and imaginative, you need to express your creative and emotional power. Composure and perseverance are often the keys to your success, and you are bound to make an impression by specializing in a particular area. The subinfluence of your decanate ruler, Pisces, implies that you are receptive and highly intuitive, with psychic powers or a sixth sense. Although you constantly come up with remarkable ideas, a tendency to worry may undermine your convictions and self-esteem. This suggests that a pragmatic approach combined with poise and imagination are your balancing factors. Since you are receptive to vibration and rhythm, you may be creatively inclined or find music to be a positive influence. Through being broad-minded and tolerant, you realize the infinite possibilities that are available to you. Although adventurous and keen on personal freedom, sharing and cooperative effort usually take you farther than traveling alone will. By seeing everything as a learn-ing experience and listening to your inner voice, you come to value both your reason and intuition. When you are aged eleven through forty, your progressed Sun is in Sagittarius, emphasizing a need for optimism and expansion through study, travel, or your personal quest for truth. At age forty-one, when your progressed Sun moves into Capricorn, there is a turning point as you start to take a more pragmatic, persistent, and realistic approach to life. At the age of seventy-one, when your progressed Sun enters Aquarius, you place more emphasis on new ideas, freedom, and companionship.

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Who is 1st education minister?

Legacy and influence – The Ministry of Minority Affairs of the central Government of India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of his birth centenary to promote education amongst educationally backward sections of the Society. The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form of financial assistance to students from minority communities to pursue higher studies such as M.Phil.

• And PhD In 1992 government of India honoured by giving posthumously Bharat Ratna,
• Numerous institutions across India have also been named in his honour.
• Some of them are the Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, the Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, the Maulana Azad National Urdu University in Hyderabad, Maulana Azad Centre for Elementary and Social Education (MACESE Delhi University ), the Maulana Azad College, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, in Kolkata, Bab – e – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Gate No.7), Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central (Minority) University in New Delhi, the Maulana Azad library in the Aligarh Muslim University in Aligarh and Maulana Azad Stadium in Jammu,

His home housed the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies earlier, and is now the Maulana Azad Museum. National Education Day (India) an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958.

National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year in India. He is celebrated as one of the founders and greatest patrons of the Jamia Millia Islamia. Azad’s tomb is located next to the Jama Masjid in Delhi. In recent years great concern has been expressed by many in India over the poor maintenance of the tomb.

On 16 November 2005 the Delhi High Court ordered that the tomb of Maulana Azad in New Delhi be renovated and restored as a major national monument. Azad’s tomb is a major landmark and receives large numbers of visitors annually. Jawaharlal Nehru referred to him as Mir-i- Karawan (the caravan leader), “a very brave and gallant gentleman, a finished product of the culture that, in these days, pertains to few”.

Mahatma Gandhi remarked about Azad by counting him as “a person of the calibre of Plato, Aristotle and Pythagorus”. Azad was portrayed by actor Virendra Razdan in the 1982 biographical film, Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough, A television series, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, aired on DD National in the 1990s and starred Mangal Dhillon in the titular role.

DD Urdu aired Seher Hone Tak, a docudrama television series by Lavlin Thadani based on his life and political career, with Aamir Bashir portraying the role of Azad. It was later shortened and re-released as the film Aashiq-e-Vatan – Maulana Azad, Woh Jo Tha Ek Massiah Maulana Azad, a 2019 biographical film about Azad was directed by Rajendra Gupta Sanjay and Sanjay Singh Negi, with Linesh Fanse playing the titular role.

• 1966
• 1988
• 2015

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Who is the 1st Indian education minister?

Colleges Named After Maulana Azad – There have been many institutions across India that have been named after Maulana Azad in his honour. Some of them are listed below-

S.No.	Name of College	Ratings	Average Placement Package
1	Jamia Millia Islamia	4/5	INR 4.5 Lakhs
2	Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi	3.7/5	INR 6.2 Lakhs
3	Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal	3.9/5	INR 7.5 Lakhs
4	Maulana Azad National Urdu University in Hyderabad	3.6/5	INR 2 Lakhs
5	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad College of Pharmacy, Raipur	3.5/5	INR 4.3 Lakhs
6	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology in Kolkata	4/5	INR 8 Lakhs
7	The Maulana Azad Centre for Elementary and Social Education (MACESE Delhi University)	4.1/5	INR 12 Lakhs
8	The Maulana Azad library) Aligarh Muslim University in Aligarh	3.9/5	INR 7.8 Lakhs
9	Maulana Azad College of Arts – Science & Commerce	3/5	INR 3 Lakhs
10	Maulana Azad Institute of Professional Studies, Ujjain	3.4/5	INR 5 Lakhs

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Which Indian freedom fighter born in Mecca?

Profile of Abul Kalam Azad – Pen Name : ‘Azad’ Real Name : Abul Kalam Mohiuddin Ahmed Azad Born : 11 Nov 1888 | Mecca Died : 22 Feb 1958 | Delhi, India LCCN : n50038846 be-ḳhud bhī haiñ hoshiyār bhī haiñ dekhne vaale in mast nigāhoñ kī adā aur hī kuchh hai be-KHud bhi hain hoshiyar bhi hain dekhne wale in mast nigahon ki ada aur hi kuchh hai Abul Kalam Azad was born at Mecca in 1888.

He was named Mohuiddin Ahmed but his father, Maulana Syed Mohammad Khairuddin, liked to call him Feroze Bakht. His mother hailed from a family of well-respected scholars and his maternal grandfather was highly respected far and wide as a scholar. After receiving his early education from his father, Azad went for his higher education to Jamia Azhar at Cairo in Egypt where he was educated in Eastern systems of knowledge.

When he migrated from Arab to India, he chose Calcutta as his center of journalistic, scholastic, and political activities. Here, he started the first illustrated weekly called Al-Hilal in 1912 that projected a highly critical stance against the British government.

Its impressive print run of fifty two thousand copies spoke volumes of its relevance and appeal. Finding it objectionable for themselves, the British banned its publication in 1914. Following this, he launched another publication called Al-Balagh which also reiterated Azad’s anti-British stance. While Azad had a clear stance against the British, he also projected a nationalist and patriotic stance and worked towards the cause of Hindu-Muslim unity.

He also took to publishing other journals and newspapers like Paigham and Lisan-us-Sidq. He also remained associated with other publications like Wakeel and Amritsar. Maulana Azad was very active on the political front and took part in Non-Cooperation movement, Quit India movement, and Khilafat Movement.

• He had developed a sound camaraderie with Mahatama Gandhi, Dr.
• Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Ali brothers.
• Being deeply influenced by Gandhi’s philosophy of Non-Violence, he reposed complete faith in his leadership.
• This took him to travel the length and breadth of the country in order to propagate his ideas and ideals.

Maulana Azad finally emerged as an important national leader. He was imprisoned for his anti-British stance during the freedom movement and served the cause of the nation as the President of the Congress party. His wife, Zuleikha Begum, stood as a pillar of strength all through his political endeavors of great trial and tribulation during country’s freedom struggle.

1. This is how she is also counted as one of the ladies who contributed towards freedom struggle in their own ways.
2. After India’s independence, Maula Azad served as Education Minister and contributed significantly towards policy formation and establishment of education system in the country.
3. University Grants commission and other technical, research, and cultural institutions stand as the testimony of his vision in the domains of liberal and technical education and culture.

Cumulatively, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a visionary politician, a major journalist, a remarkable prose stylist, and a notable commentator of the Holy Quran. He was also a poet and an essayist who wrote on several topics of contemporary relevance. His major works include Ghubaar-e-Khatir, Tazkira, and Tarjuman-ul-Quran.

He wrote Ghubaar-e-Khatir during the days of his imprisonment at Ahmednagar fort. It contains all the letters that he wrote to Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani. This is a good primary source to know about his life and preoccupations. Scholars and commentators have rightly acknowledged Maulana Azad as a genius of his age.

This is how he was conferred with the most prestigious award of Bharat Ratna by the Government of India. Maulana Azad passed away on February 02, 1958. He lies buried within the boundary of Jama Masjid in Urdu Bazar, Delhi. Authority Control : The Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) : n50038846
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Which year onwards is the National Education Day celebrated?

Background. The Ministry of Education (earlier called as Ministry of Human Resource Development) had announced 11th November as ‘National Education Day’ on 11th September, 2008. It is to commemorate the birthday of Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India.
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On which day every year India celebrate National Education Day?

To honor Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Ministry of Human Resource Development announced 11th November as ‘National Education Day’ on 11th September, 2008. The announcement released by Ministry said, “The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of India by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India. Agencies National Education Day 2022 11th November is celebrated every year as National Education Day to commemorate the birth anniversary of India ‘s first Education Minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, On this day, his exemplary contributions to the field of education and educational institutions are celebrated.

He was the first education minister of independent India and served from 1947 to 1958. National Education Day is observed around all educational institutions to raise awareness about the importance of literacy. National Education Day: Theme The Ministry of Human Resource Development sets a different theme for National Education Day every year.

This year’s theme is “Changing Course, Transforming Education.” National Education Day: History To honor Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Ministry of Human Resource Development announced 11th November as ‘National Education Day’ on 11th September, 2008. The announcement released by Ministry said, “The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of India by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India.

1. November 11 from 2008 onwards, will be celebrated as the National Education Day, without declaring it a holiday, every year.” Who was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad? Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 1888.
2. A freedom fighter, he started a weekly journal in Urdu in 1912 called Al-Hilal to criticise the British policies.

He started another weekly Al-Bagah after Al-Hilal got banned. Azad strongly advocated for women’s education. In the Central Assembly in 1949, he said that national education could not be appropriate if it does not give consideration for the advancement of one-half of the society – women.

He stressed for the modern education system, and advocated the use of English language for educational advantages. However, he believed that primary education should be imparted in the mother-tongue. National Education Day: Celebration National Education Day is celebrated in schools annually by spreading awareness about the importance of education.

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What is the philosophy of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad?

Relevance of educational philosphy of Maulana Azad The National Education Day is celebrated every year in the honour of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (originally named Muhiyuddin Ahmad), independent India’s first education minister. For any country to progress and develop, it is important to adopt an education system that is comprehensive and precise in accordance with the requirements of the age.

1. A modern education system does not mean that it must be detached from its roots and traditions.
2. It is important that the education system must have enough flexibility and adaptability to evolve with the need of the plural society for a progressive nation.
3. Maulana Azad was of the opinion that “educationists should build the capacities of the spirit of inquiry, creativity, entrepreneurial and moral leadership among students and become their role model”.

However, lack of linguistic skills, social etiquettes, education and other factors put the Indians at a disadvantage. Indians were extremely deprived, and socio-politically and culturally degraded due to lack of education before independence. To honour the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958), a visionary leader, a great freedom fighter, an eminent educationist and the first Union minister for education, the Government of India declared 11 November as the National Education Day.

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a reformer, politician, philosopher, educationist and a staunch nationalist.
• He had a vision with a very clear idea of what is needed for the people to fight for their freedom and progress.
• His philosophical intellect made him a liberal rather than a conservative who contributed significantly to the Freedom Movement.

Maulana Azad led several freedom movements throughout the country. After the independence, Maulana Azad served the country in this capacity of education minister of free India till his death in 1958. He had once said, “We must not for a moment forget, it is a birthright of every individual to receive at least the basic education without which he cannot fully discharge his duties as a citizen.” It was Maulana Azad’s efforts that helped India realise the importance of education.

This is the reason education is every citizen’s basic right today. Maulana Azad wanted India to be democratised through the education system and reformed the entire curriculum with the provision that it must integrate the values such as tolerance, acceptance, progressiveness and development for the people of India.

He also wanted to pursue mass literacy campaigns so that maximum people could be educated and made professionals so that the social structure and cultural diversity remains intact. Azad’s educational philosophy was deeply influenced by the Aligarh movement that was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

• He advocated the idea of universalisation of the basic education system and proposed the idea of free and compulsory education until secondary level for both boys and girls.
• After becoming independent, Maulana Azad made primary education a free and compulsory citizen right for children up to 14 years of age.
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has talked significantly about the importance of multilingualism in education and also outlines that wherever possible the medium of instruction should be the home language or the mother tongue or the local language or regional language.

This is what the Maulana has emphasised long back. He viewed education as an integral whole as well as an instrument of social revolution, constantly lifting human life to something better culturally, socially, morally, and spiritually. He was in favour of giving the rightful place to the regional languages in education.

1. He always emphasised that students should learn their vernacular languages so that they can engage in rendering great service to the nation by respecting their mother-tongue.
2. Tariq Mansoor, vice-chancellor of the historic Aligarh Muslim University, who himself is an educational reformer, said Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the pioneer of the education system in India and strongly advocated the education of women and free and compulsory education up to primary level.

As the minister of education, he not only created a roadmap and a blueprint of the ideological reformation of the Indian educational institution, but also developed and established several liberal arts, science and technology institutions that are still contributing significantly to the progress of modern India.

1. He established this Commission in 1948 to make sure that the universities in India must teach new and contemporary subjects that would help in the development of the progressive nation.
2. It was Maulana Azad who established the All India Council for Secondary Education Commission in 1952 for reforming the structure of the secondary schools.
3. He is also known for setting up major literary, cultural and scholarly institutions such as Sahitya Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy, Lalit Kala Academy, and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.

His foresightedness and liberal ideology have paved the path for the development and progress of India for many decades to come. Maulana Azad paved the way for a progressive, rational and modernised India through his educational reforms. He was loved by Muslims and non-Muslims alike and was a great thinker, a determined freedom fighter and one of the makers of modern India.
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What is the rarest birthday in November?

November has six of the rarest birthdays on the calendar! November 24 th, 25 th, 26 th, 27 th, and 28 th make up nearly half of the 13 least popular birthdays.
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What day is the most Scorpio?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the unit of measurement with the symbol ♏︎, see minim (unit),

Scorpio
Zodiac symbol	Scorpion
Duration ( tropical, western )	October 23 – November 22 (2023, UT1 )
Constellation	Scorpius
Zodiac element	Water
Zodiac quality	Fixed
Sign ruler	Mars (traditional), Pluto (modern)
Detriment	Venus
Exaltation	None in traditional, Uranus in modern.
Fall	Moon

Scorpio ( ♏︎ ) ( Ancient Greek : Σκορπιός, romanized : Skorpiós, Latin for “scorpion”) is the eighth astrological sign in the zodiac, originating from the constellation of Scorpius, It spans 210–240° ecliptic longitude, Under the tropical zodiac (most commonly used in Western astrology ), the Sun transits this sign on average from October 23 to November 21.
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What is the lucky number for Scorpio woman?

Scorpio Woman Horoscope Scorpio Woman is one of the most mysterious signs in the zodiac of 12 signs. She is magnetic and has a mesmerizing beauty. Scorpio woman is demanding and yes extremely sensitive. Scorpio woman is little jealous in nature and does not believe in compromise.

1. Scorpio woman is a private person who does not open easily to others.
2. Scorpio woman is highly protective when it is love and is very romantic; she is very emotional and passionate in love.
3. Scorpio woman hide her emotions and expressions deep in her.
4. Scorpio woman does not like a man who is immature and not perfect for her.

She is loyal in relationships and expects the same from her partner. Scorpio woman knows what does she want from her career and she is very clear about her goal. Scorpio woman is motivated and turns out to be a very good team leader. Scorpio woman is very punctual about timing and she does value the time and does not believe wasting time here and there.

• She is very focused on her job and work.
• Scorpio woman hides money from others, she does not want other to know how much money she has, and thus she is a good saver.
• Scorpio woman manages her finances well, but sometime she becomes money spender.
• Scorpio woman is compatible with Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces.

Water is the element of Scorpio sun sign. Lucky colors are Red and Rust, lucky numbers are 9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81,90 and lucky day is Tuesday. Aries21 Mar – 19 Apr Taurus20 Apr – 20 May Gemini21 May – 20 Jun Cancer21 Jun – 22 Jul Leo23 Jul – 22 Aug Virgo23 Aug – 22 Sep Libra23 Sep – 22 Oct Scorpio23 Oct – 21 Nov Sagittarius22 Nov – 21 Dec Capricorn22 Dec – 19 Jan Aquarius20 Jan – 18 Feb Pisces19 Feb – 20 Mar : Scorpio Woman Horoscope
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Who should a Scorpio marry?

What signs are compatible with a Scorpio? Water signs like Cancer and Pisces and Earth signs like Taurus and Capricorn are the most compatible with a Scorpio.
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Are Scorpio loyal people?

As a fixed water sign, Scorpios are known for their loyalty and devotion — and also their passion. In fact, they are known to have such intense personalities that they are often confused with vibrant fire signs. Alas, they just have deep feelings and emotions.

1. Scorpios are known to be very intuitive and have an acute sixth sense.
2. Their gut instincts and innate clairvoyant energies are always analyzing and processing information (even if they aren’t outwardly discussing their feelings, they are often thinking matters through internally).
3. This rings true when it comes to whom and what they believe in or trust.

In some cases it doesn’t matter about the facts; they believe and trust their guts on an instinctual and spiritual level. Every zodiac sign gets a little shade thrown at them, and Scorpios are no different. Their shadow side is the ability to play psychological mind games on others (due to the mythological story behind the water sign, which centers around the huntress who stalks her hunter).

It’s only done when they are unsure of their own feelings and trying to figure out the situation. But they are kind and sensitive to the loved ones they care about — especially to people who prove their loyalty by standing by them through thick and thin. Another aspect to their protective personality is their inability to let their guard down in the company of strangers.

This means that they are a hard nut to crack and it takes a while (years of building trust) to be a part of their inner circle and know their secrets. If you upset a Scorpio, then you can expect them to take out their stingers — which can translate in the human form of temperamental meltdowns and arguments — to assert themselves.
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Is Scorpio clever?

Scorpio – Sharp, quick and extremely savvy, Scorpios are generally considered to be one of the most (if not the most) intelligent star sign. As a Water Sign, they’re naturally in touch with their emotional side and as such, are known to be incredibly perceptive.
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Who is the first father of Education?

Comprehension – Direction: Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow : All-round development of man is the true aim of education. It should train not only the head, but also the hands and the heart. But our present system of education has miserably failed to achieve this aim.

• It suffers from many grave defects.
• The present system of education was founded by the British for their own convenience.
• Lord Macaulay was the father and founder of this system.
• He wanted it to produce clerks to help the British in running their administration.
• Today the English have gone but the same old system of education still continues.

We are free but we are still slavishly following the system evolved by the British. This system of education has many defects. It must be changed and overhauled. The greatest defect in our present system of education is that it is too theoretical. An educated man has only bookish knowledge.

1. He knows nothing about practical things.
2. He finds that his education has not made him fit to do any useful work for his society.
3. Vocational education is the need of the hour.
4. We need more and more technicians, engineers and doctors.
5. But, the number of vocational institutions Engineering and Medical Colleges, Polytechnics and ITI.’s – is still limited and expensive for maximum institutions are privately owned by capitalists.

A large number of young men and women, who can do well as technicians, are deprived of technical or vocational knowledge.

Lord Macaulay was the father and founder of the present system of educationAbraham Macaulay was the father and founder of the present system of educationMahatma Gandhi was the founder and father of the present system of educationDr.B.R. Ambedkar was the father and founder of the present system of education

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Who created the Ministry of Education?

Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System – Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from the pre-Spanish times to the present. In meeting the needs of the society, education serves as focus of emphases/priorities of the leadership at certain periods/epochs in our national struggle as a race.

• As early as in pre-Magellanic times, education was informal, unstructured, and devoid of methods.
• Children were provided more vocational training and less academics (3 Rs) by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors.
• The pre-Spanish system of education underwent major changes during the Spanish colonization.

The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries. Education was religion-oriented. It was for the elite, especially in the early years of Spanish colonization. Access to education by the Filipinos was later liberalized through the enactment of the Educational Decree of 1863 which provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government; and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits.

Primary instruction was free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. Education during that period was inadequate, suppressed, and controlled. The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way for Aguinaldo’s Republic under a Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for the time being but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior.

The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military Academy of Malolos, and the Literary University of the Philippines were established. A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution. An adequate secularized and free public school system during the first decade of American rule was established upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission.

Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission per instructions of President McKinley. Chaplains and non-commissioned officers were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction. A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of Act No.74.

The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S.A. They were the Thomasites.

Year	Official Name of Department	Official Titular Head	Legal Bases
1863	Superior Commission of Primary Instruction	Chairman	Educational Decree of 1863
1901-1916	Department of Public Instruction	General Superintendent	Act. No.74 of the Philippine Commission, Jan.21, 1901
1916-1942	Department of Public Instruction	Secretary	Organic Act Law of 1916 (Jones Law)
1942-1944	Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare	Commissioner	Renamed by the Japanese Executive Commission, June 11, 1942
1944	Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare	Minister	Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine Republic
1944	Department of Public Instruction	Secretary	Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine Republic
1945-1946	Department of Public Instruction and Information	Secretary	Renamed by the Commonwealth Government
1946-1947	Department of Instruction	Secretary	Renamed by the Commonwealth Government
1947-1975	Department of Education	Secretary	E.O. No.94 October 1947 (Reorganization Act of 1947)
1975-1978	Department of Education and Culture	Secretary	Proc. No.1081, September 24, 1972
1978-1984	Ministry of Education and Culture	Minister	P.D. No.1397, June 2, 1978
1984-1986	Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports	Minister	Education Act of 1982
1987-1994	Department of Education, Culture and Sports	Secretary	E.O. No.117. January 30, 1987
1994-2001	Department of Education, Culture and Sports	Secretary	RA 7722 and RA 7796, 1994 Trifocalization of Education Management
2001 – present	Department of Education	Secretary	RA 9155, August 2001 (Governance of Basic Education Act)

The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions, school of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes were established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. In 1908, the Philippine Legislature approved Act No.1870 which created the University of the Philippines.

1. The Reorganization Act of 1916 provided the Filipinization of all department secretaries except the Secretary of Public Instruction.
2. Japanese educational policies were embodied in Military Order No.2 in 1942.
3. The Philippine Executive Commission established the Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and schools were reopened in June 1942.

On October 14, 1943, the Japanese – sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education. Under the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of labor was emphasized.

1. On February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of the Department of Public Instruction.
2. In 1947, by virtue of Executive Order No.94, the Department of Instruction was changed to Department of Education.
3. During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

In 1972, it became the Department of Education and Culture by virtue of Proclamation 1081 and the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978 y virtue of P.D. No.1397. Thirteen regional offices were created and major organizational changes were implemented in the educational system.

• The Education Act of 1982 created the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports which later became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports in 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No.117.
• The structure of DECS as embodied in EO No.117 has practically remained unchanged until 1994 when the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and 1995 when the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) were established to supervise tertiary degree programs and non-degree technical-vocational programs, respectively.

The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report provided the impetus for Congress to pass RA 7722 and RA 7796 in 1994 creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), respectively.

• The trifocal education system refocused DECS’ mandate to basic education which covers elementary, secondary and nonformal education, including culture and sports.
• TESDA now administers the post-secondary, middle-level manpower training and development while CHED is responsible for higher education.
• In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools).

RA 9155 provides the overall framework for (i) school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability. The goal of basic education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.
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What was the contribution of Dr Abdul Kalam Azad to modern education in India?

Azad, the first education minister of independent India – As the first education minister of the country from 1947 to 1958, Abul Kalam Azad advocated for free and compulsory primary education for all children up to the age of 14 as he believed it was the right of all citizens.
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What is the contribution of APJ Abdul Kalam in education?

The Educational Thoughts of A P J Abdul Kalam Dr. Vikrant Mishra Introduction- Dr. Kalam is a practical educational thinker and visionary who stands for integrating ancient and modern educational ideals for the development of a balanced Indian society.

1. Being a top scientist of international reputation, his direct contribution to the advancement of science and technology is unique and commendable.
2. His scholarly research publications, articles, books etc.
3. Have opened new avenues for research and studies in the area of aeronautics, ballistics, and metallurgy.

Dr Kalam lays great emphasis on education. He believes that the teachers, particularly school teachers, have tremendous responsibility in shaping the life of an individual. Childhood is the foundation stone upon which stands the entire life structure. He states that the seeds sown in childhood blossom into the tree of life.

1. He firmly believes that the education system should be able to retain the smiles of children.
2. He further states that the education system has a tremendous responsibility to transform a child into a leader–the transformation from “What can you do for me?” to “What can I do for you?” He believes that proper education would help nurture a sense of dignity and self- respect among the students.

He maintains that the purpose of teaching is to create nation-building capacities in the students and these capabilities are derived from knowledge, education, own experience and value system inherited through civilization. Kalam’s Aims of Education- According to Dr.

1. To build confidence among children to face the future
2. To enlighten and empower citizens to contribute towards healthy nation building
3. To build character and to cultivate human values in students
4. To encourage creativity and to develop scientific attitude with spiritual foundation
5. To develop capacity for research and enquiry among students.
6. To unfold innovating powers and entrepreneurship
7. To develop moral leadership
8. To make the country energy independent
9. To develop the sense of dignity, self-respect and self-reliance among students

Some Crucial Factors for Better Education- Capacities to be built among students- The primary focus of the students should be to excel in their studies. This is their first contribution to the development of the nation. The education system should instil in the minds of students capacities of inquiry, creativity, technology, entrepreneurial and moral leadership. If we develop in all our students these five capacities, we will produce “Autonomous Learner” a self-directed, self-controlled, lifelong learner, who will have the capacity to both respect authority and at the same time is capable of questioning authority, in an appropriate manner.

1. Planning for good education for children in villages- Every school should have basic amenities such as a good building equipped with ventilation and lighting.
2. The rooms should be airy and have spacious classrooms.
3. The school should also have a library, laboratories including the latest Information Technology tools and infrastructure, safe drinking water, clean toilets and a playground.

This is possible by earmarking the additional 2 to 3 per cent of GDP. Mission of education- Education is the most important element for growth and prosperity of a nation. India is in the process of transforming itself into a developed nation by 2020. Yet we have 350 million people who need literacy and many more who have to acquire employable skills to suit the emerging modern India and the globe.

Inequality of access to educational resources- It is essential that we enlighten and create widespread awareness of education among all sections of society particularly in rural areas and among the urban poor. We should use technology for this important social purpose. It is possible for NGOs, other social and philanthropic institutions and the media to focus on this area of creating awareness.

We should also mobilise necessary resources for providing education to the underprivileged people. Technology Enhanced Education- Constraints of time and space together with the rapid obsolescence of knowledge in some areas of science and technology, have created a huge demand for different courses from different institutions in the distance mode.

There is a need for a working digital library system that alone can, in the long run, provide the kind of access required for a Knowledge Society. Technology Enhanced Learning is a solution. It attempts to exploit the rapid developments in Information and Communication Technology. As the communications bandwidth continues to increase and the cost of computer power continues to drop, Technology Enhanced Learning will become an economically viable solution.

Virtual classrooms of the future will have students from many locations taught by a team of geographically distributed instructors through the tele-education delivery system. Reducing Dropouts- It is reported that 39 per cent of children drop out from school after studying 5th Class and 55 per cent drop out after studying up to 8th Class.

1. This situation needs remedial action, especially since assent has been accorded to the 86th Constitution Amendment Act ? The Right to Education Bill for children between the age group of 5 and 14 years.
2. But, an Act alone cannot achieve the goal, unless education is delivered in a manner, which will take into account the socio-ecnomic reality and perception of the people to whom it is addressed.

Some Thoughts of A P J Abdul Kalam Regarding Education- Dr Kalam believes that education is the pillar of a developed and powerful country, and also the most important element for growth and prosperity. He trusts that education is the most important area of the service sector as it provides the required knowledge and skill to do any work.

1. Curriculum: Dr Kalam maintains that the curriculun and syllabus should be structured in such a manner that it should meet the changing societal and occupational needs, and inculcate high moral values among the students in addition to learning skills. Dr Kalam has struck a balance between science and spiritualism in his educational philosophy, which he believes is imperative, and suggested that curriculum must include the teachings and experiences of our eminent and great leaders.
2. Schools : In his educational philosophy, Dr Kalam has also laid due emphasis on schools. He advocates that there is an urgent need for every school to have basic amenities, such as good building equipped with ventilated, lighted, airy and spacious classrooms, safe drinking water, clean toilets and playgrounds. Fixing the responsibility for the same, he further states that it is the responsibility of the sponsoring organisation to see that their schools maintain basic minimum norms both in academics as well as in providing physical facilities on their campus. Certain safety features must be built in school buildings without which it should not be possible to get affiliation for these schools.
3. Children: Children are our greatest wealth. Each child born in the nation allowed to blossom. It is particularly important to provide extra care and facilities to the children including those who are not fortunate to have their families to look after them. This noble service should be promoted by all individuals and government organizations, leading to the development of enlightened citizens who will become an asset for national development.
4. Imparting moral values: The right kind of education on moral values will upgrade the society and the country. After every child is nurtured during the early years with love and affection and when he reaches- a school- going age he needs a value based education. The prime learning period for a child is from six to seventeen years of age. Hence, the school hours for children are the best environment and mission-oriented learning with value based educational system.
5. Teacher : Dr Kalam has provided a glorious place to teachers in his educational philosophy. He has thrown light on the role of teachers, various qualities of teachers and teacher–student relationship. Dr Kalam believes that teachers have tremendous responsibility in shaping the life of an individual and their great mission should be to ignite the minds of the young. Dr Kalam realises that these ignited minds of the young are the most powerful resource on the earth, above the earth and under the earth. He visualises that the role of a teacher is like the proverbial ‘ladder’ which is used by everyone to climb up in life, provided the ladder stays in its place.
6. Capacity to Use High-End Technology: All students should learn how to use the latest technologies for aiding their learning process. Universities should equip themselves with adequate computing equipment, laboratory equipment, and internet facilities and provide an environment for the students to enhance their learning ability. In the midst of all the technological innovations and revolutions we cannot think that the roles of the teachers will. In fact, the teacher will become even more important and the whole world of education will become teacher assisted as technology would help in tele-porting the best teacher to every nook and corner of the country to propagate knowledge.

Conclusion- Thus, it can be concluded that the essence of Dr. Kalam’s personal experience, his life, his educational philosophy and his educational thoughts are a treasure, worthy to be possessed, studied deeply and implemented. He is the only president- who has a lot of love for children and feels that the future of India lies in them.

• Kalam Abdul,A.P.J.(1998), India 2020-A Vision for the New Millennium, Penguin Books India Ltd.
• Gurmeet, K. (2015). Thesis- Educational Thoughts of J Krishnamurti and their relevance to present education.
• Kalam, A.P. (2012). You are unique. bangalore: punya publishing private limited.
• Kalam, A.P. (2002). Ignited Minds. Gurgaon: Penguin Books India Pvt LTD.
• Kalam, A.P. (2013). My Journey, Transforming Dreams in to Action. New Delhi: Rupa Publications India Pvt.LTD.
• Katiyar, K.&. (2002).A.P.J abdul Kalam The Visionary Of India. New Delhi: S.B.Nangia A.P.H. Publishing corporation,
• Pandalai, P.K. (1998-1999, sep-oct, jan-feb ). a man of destiny- 1,2,3. Retrieved may 10, 2016, from newindfiadigest: www.newindiadigest.com
• Pareek, S. (2015, July 28).12things that made dr. apj abdul kalam the most extraordinary man we know. retrieved may 15, 2016, from thebetterindia: www.thebetterindia.com
• Pillai, A.P. (2004). Envisioning an Empowered Nation. TATA MacGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited.
• Policepatil, B.B. (2011). Tesis- A Study of Educational Thoughts of Dr. Rabindranath Tagore and their Relevence to Present Education System.
• Rajan, A.P. (1998). A Vision for the New Millennium. New Delhi: S.B. Nangia A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.

**************************************************************** Assistant Professor of Education, Directorate of Distance Education, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra
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Who was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad discuss his contribution to pre and post independent India?

Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post independent India.

Demand of the question Introduction. Contextual Introduction. Body. Contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post independent India. Conclusion. Way forward.

Maulana Azad was a Indian Scholar and Muslim Leader of Indian National Congress during Indian Independence Movement. Post Indian Independence, he became the First Minister of Education in Indian Government. He played an important role in Hindu-Muslim unity and never supported India’s partition. Contributions of Maulana Azad: Before independence:

Hindu-Muslim unity: During his young age, he rose to prominence through his work as journalist, publishing works critical of British Raj and espousing causes of Indian nationalism. He worked for Hindu-Muslim unity through the Al-Hilal newspaper. Khilafat movement: Maulana Azad was a prominent Leader in Khilafat Movement in which he came in close contact with National Leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Vallabh Bhai Patel and Jawahar Lal Nehru. Non-cooperation movement: Maulana Was disheartened by the Rowlatt Act of 1919 and worked to organise the Non-Cooperation Movement and Protests in opposition of the Act. He Organised several agitations and worked in the able guidance of Gandhi Ji and his principles. Dharasana Satyagraha: He was one of main organisers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1931 and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism. Protest against Two Nation Theory: Maulana criticised Jinnah over Two Nation Theory and believed that Hindu and Muslims can co-exist in Independent India. Quit India Movement: He played a significant role in the Quit India Movement by meeting a large number of People in rallies and led agitations and protests against Colonial Government. He served as the Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during which the Quit India movement was launched. India’s independence: He negotiated with the British Cabinet mission for India’s independence. Further, he was strictly against India’s partition even after acceptance of partition by Gandhiji.

Post-Independence:

Member of Constitution assembly: He was a member of constituent assembly and helped in shaping the Constitution of India. Education: He was the first Union Minister of education. He played a pivotal role in foundation of IIT, UGC, AICTE, Sahitya Academy, Lalit Kala Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy and many other educational initiations in India. Research: He held portfolios of Natural resources and scientific research. He played a pivotal role in foundation of CSIR and scientific research laboratories in India.

Maulana’s contributions in Indian Independence are very significant and vital. He considered Gandhiji as his Ideal and worked on his principles and political lines. His contributions will be remembered and acknowledged by generations to come. For his service to the nation, he was posthumously awarded the country’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
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